Media & Invasion of Privacy

LAGOS STATE UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF COMMUNICATION A TERM PAPER SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE COURSE: ETHICS AND PROFESSIONAL Practice (MAC 854) LECTURER: DR. JIMI KAYODE TITLE: MEDIA AND THE INVASION OF PRIVACY BY AKANDE ADEFEYISAYO ADEBOLARINWA †¢ SUBMITTED ON 30th JANUARY, 2010 INTRODUCTION Media experts have the capacity of social occasion, preparing and spreading news thing to a heterogeneous huge crowd which regularly not finished in view of sound good judgment lands them into pool of grieved waters. Big names, lawmakers and other looked for after wellsprings of news have after some time communicated reasonable anguish over the decreasing parts of their lives that are not, at this point liberated from prying eyes and distribution from the press. They routinely declare that individuals from the media damages their security dependent on their need to distribute any report that comes their way for the primary motivation behind benefit and essentially can not recognize what kind of data is private, open or newsworthy. Columnists, in any case, regularly have assorted ideas of security and newsworthiness, and realize that the issue is increasingly confused dependent on the way that announcing reports such that serves and advises the open will frequently require publicizing subtleties or showing pictures that will embarrass or outrage somebody. To make security issues considerably progressively confused for columnists, courts continually rethink what is private dependent on understandings of the slippery lawful standard of a â€Å"reasonable desire for protection. ( www. winning-newsmedia. com/security) â€Å"The U. S. Incomparable Courts admonishing of the media in the 1999 â€Å"ride along† cases for an apparent absentmindedness to the protection privileges of the individuals highlighted in the news in all probability mirrors the present demeanor of numerous appointed authorities and legislators and, in this way, underscores the significance for writers to know about general security standards. † (www. associatedcontent. com/subject) The interruption and distribution of private pictures can open columnists to overpowering monetary risk if a court discovers that a news association has attacked a person’s protection. The intrusion of another’s security is a tort, which means a common wrong against another that outcomes in injury. A security tort happens when an individual or element breaks the obligation to disregard someone else. At the point when columnists barge in on a person’s protection and cause passionate or financial injury, they might be compelled to pay harms. To stay away from claims, writers must know how the law works while looking to adjust the contending interests of the press and general society against the protection interests of the subjects of the reports. Writers regularly run opposite of this tort through the way toward social affair data. Activities that may abuse this security right incorporate interruption onto private property, hid perception and the beguiling access into private zones. Direct that attacks security may likewise disregard the criminal law. When all is said in done, courts have held that columnists must comply with every single applicable law. In Cox Broadcasting Corp. v. Cohn, 420 U. S. 469 (1975) â€Å"the U. S. Preeminent Court noticed that in protection tort, cases of security most straightforwardly stand up to the established rights to speak freely and press†. www. definitions. uslegal. com) This investigation gives an all inclusive clarification of every protection tort and related reasons for activity. The protection realities tort presents the agitating conditions wherein writers might be obligated for financial harms for inclusion of news thing. In a few cases the Supreme Court has held that â€Å" where a paper distributes honest data which it has legitimately gotten, discipline may legally be forced, if by any stretch of the imagination, just when barely customized to a state enthusiasm of the most elevated request. Florida Star v. B. J. F. , 491 U. S. 524, 541 (1989). Despite the fact that the Supreme Court has kept states from rebuffing writers who distributed lawfully acquired names of adolescent wrongdoers and assault casualties, the Court has not totally dismissed the private realities tort in this unique circumstance. Despite the fact that violations, for example, assault are newsworthy and newsworthiness is a barrier to a private realities suit, not all courts have concurred that the personality of an assault casualty is newsworthy. Aside from report either in the communicate or in the print medium, photography has likewise been seen as representing some supreme issues in security law, comprehensively, the lawful examination for intrusion of protection through pictures matches the investigation for attacks through words. Basically, the extent of this examination is essentially to investigation the basic idea of protection laws, the different kinds that a broad communications specialist can cross paths with throughout their obligation and its suggestion for the general public all in all. Rise of Privacy Laws: Worries about nosy paper detailing were primarily the start of the law of security. Around then, metropolitan every day papers utilized an assortment of exciting data to draw in expected perusers. Media specialists regularly played out the lives of the rich and celebrated on the pages of their paper, allowing their perusers to vicariously appreciate the riches and the status of the VIP. It was the sort of news coverage presently ordinarily alluded to as â€Å"yellow journalism† that drove two Boston attorneys, Samuel D. Warren and Louis Brandeis to utilize the pages of the Harvard Law Review to prescribe a formally archived right to security named â€Å"The Right to Privacy† in 1890. In this way, their undertaking can be reasonably alluded to as the source from which the law of protection grew from. In their words as refered to in Pember and Calvert, 2006: To fulfill a lewd taste the subtleties of sexual relations are spread communicated in the segments of the every day papers. To possess the lethargic, segment upon section is loaded up with inactive tattle, which must be obtained by interruption upon the household circle†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. The customary law has consistently perceived a man’s house as his palace, invulnerable, frequently, even to its own officials occupied with the execution of its orders. Will the courts close the front access to comprised authority, and open wide the indirect access to sit or salacious interest? Warren and Brandeis unequivocally recommended that individuals ought to have the option to go to courts to stop such unjustifiable interruptions and furthermore to make sure about fiscal harms for the hardship or enthusiastic misery they experienced prying and from distribution of private materials about them. The subject of when the inclusion and detailing of news turned into an intrusion of protection is a troublesome one, particularly for picture takers and videographers. Thus, the mix of an absence of away from of security norms and an acknowledgment of level of protection places media specialists in a problematic position. In Sanders v. American Broadcasting Cos. , Inc. , 978 P. 2d 67 Cal. 1999, â€Å"the California Supreme Court held in 1999 that even a representative who holds a discussion in an open office space and caught by associates can seek after an intrusion of protection guarantee if that discussion is recorded by a reporter’s concealed camera. The court dismissed the thought of protection as a â€Å"all-or-nothing† idea and depicted a â€Å"expectation of constrained privacy† as follows: †¢ An abstract desire for security is an assessment of an individual that a specific spot or circumstance is private. †¢ A target, genuine or sensible desire for security is a desire for protection perceived by society Under various conditions, in any case, courts have built up that news media are legitimized in doing what their subjects may feel is intrusive. ( wikipedia: 2002) Definitions: As per the United Nations’ Universal Declaration of Human Rights Resolution 219A (III), Article 12 of 10 December 1948 as refered to in Malemi (2002: 163): No one will be exposed to discretionary impedance with his security, family, home or correspondence, nor assaults upon his respect and notoriety. Everybody has the option to the security of the law against such impedance or assaults. Protection alludes essentially to a person’s option to be disregarded by the media, not really a physical interruption into one's private property or individual space. Intrusion of security charges are typically introduced in a common claim against news sources that have crossed an apparent line into a VIP or other open figure's private life, or have utilized their resemblance or name in an unapproved open way Privacy law is the region of law worried about the assurance and safeguarding of the protection privileges of people. Progressively, governments and different publics just as private associations gather huge measures of individual data about people for an assortment of purposes. The law of security controls the sort of data which might be gathered and how the data might be utilized. The Right to Privacy: According to the 1999 Constitution of the Federal Republic of Nigeria, part IV, Section 37 on the privilege to private and family life says: â€Å"Citizens have right to security of themselves, their homes, correspondence, phone and transmitted interchanges. † An infringement of this rights adds up to intrusion of protection. Cures would then be able to be sought after in the courts when anybody goes in opposition to the above arrangements. The privilege of security is a custom-based law reason for activity that is an ongoing lawful turn of events. The U. S. Constitution contains no immediate references to one side of protection, despite the fact that the Fourth Amendment states: â€Å"The right of the individuals to be secure in their people, houses, papers, and impacts, against nonsensical quests and seizures, will not be violated†¦ † The privilege of protection contends with the opportunity of the press just as the enthusiasm of the general population in the free scattering of news and data, and these p

“That lightsaber belongs to me!”: Star Wars the Gender Swap

Quite a while prior in a cosmic system far away†¦ the very words that started one of the world's generally perceived and settled establishments. Star Wars, an adored arrangement that keeps on having a consistently developing fan base. In any case, when one considers the fan base of the film arrangement, it is anything but difficult to connect its picture with that of a male figure. During the first set of three fans had Luke Skywalker, Han Solo, Obi-Wan Kenobi, Darth Vader and Princess Leia. In the prequels there was Anakin, Mace Windu, Count Dooku, Yoda, and Padame. Seeing a pattern here? These characters somewhat satisfy the job of the original male saint with a female buddy, which is something the crowd is acclimated with seeing, however normally they are not no different. Why would that be? Maybe that is simply the inquiry watchers should pose to when watching anything from the Star Wars arrangement. It is nothing unexpected that Star Wars is an arrangement cherished by numerous individuals all through the world, as it offers a feeling of sci-fi and epic interpretation of imagination. In any case, it has been perceived to have somewhat of a sexual orientation issue or experience the ill effects of what is known as the â€Å"Smurfette Effect†. Much like its partners in Lord of the Rings, and Harry Potter, which offers different male-drove jobs, joined by a couple of other female jobs. In the first set of three †scenes four through six †the three fundamental characters that stood out were perceived as Luke Skywalker (Mark Hamil), Han Solo (Harrison Ford), and Leia Organa (Carrie Fisher). In any case, the job that stood apart the most was that of Princess Leia, known as the pioneer of the renegade partnership, and famous figure who had the fortitude and potential to disassemble the tasks of the individuals who tried to wreck all that she represented. She even was introduced the chance to spare such male jobs and stayed as the main enabled female character all through each of the three unique movies. Be that as it may, this was totally seen as an auxiliary idea as the jobs played by men were viewed as the essential element to the arrangement, yet this despite everything was viewed as a significant forward leap for females in film. Around the time the arrangement was discharged the job and thought for a solid female lead character to exist was progressive and majorly affected the manner in which watchers and chiefs took a gander at films and the manner in which female jobs were dealt with. This obviously would set the way for future movies to be discharged. We would see this indeed when the prequel films were discharged †scenes one through 3 †as characters, for example, Padme Amidalla, Keira Knightley, and other female Jedi jobs became known. By and by these characters were depicted to be ladies of intensity and saw as an incredible significance to the general population. Nonetheless, by and by these highlights were seen as a qualm and taken behind the jobs of men and their significance to the arrangement. Making it nothing unexpected that the objective segment for the arrangement was overwhelmingly male-situated. Regardless of this, Star Wars has a group of people of female fans equivalent to those of their male partners and with such countless female fans. You would imagine that the universe would have progressively populated with jobs of lady sparkling past or sharing the jobs of men. Unfortunately, this was not the case and ladies introduced were frequently appeared to miss the mark concerning being any kind of good example like figure. It was viewed as if young men somehow happened to watch Star Wars films, they can worship or plays as Obi-Wan or Anakin, characters who were depicted to be clever, fearless, and would confront risk head on. Young ladies then again, would they say they should bolster being compliant, and needing a legend like that of Leia and Padme? Was this the pattern that the entirety of the arrangement movies would succumb to? Ladies relying upon men to shape and care for their prospects? These kinds of inquiries stayed unanswered for a very long time, until late years when the Star Wars establishment reported it would come back to the big screen in 2015 under the name â€Å"Star Wars: The Force Awakens†. Be that as it may, this would not be a â€Å"per usual† Star Wars film commanded by white male men and their optional female partners. No, this film looked to cancel the entirety of the stale qualities the arrangement had gotten known for, and chose to give the arrangement a bend nobody could have seen coming. As the film itself was given having the establishment's first female lead job, first female miscreant job, first African American lead, and incorporate progressively minor female characters in startling regions. The film was likewise set to have a wide This sent the world into a total craze as it had a blended gathering from fans. Some discovered they cherished and anticipated the possibility of a new interpretation of the arrangement and moving alongside present day times. Fans could now be available to a whole new world, and see what could emerge out of such a various cast of characters. Others in any case, resented this, and saw the arrangement falling prey to the social equity warrior developments and being just minor promulgation that would hurt the arrangement. Making numerous Men's Right Activists call for blacklists of the film, and different online fights, as a few expressed it was an assault on the hold men had all through the arrangement. In weeks prompting the arrival of the film, trailers and pictures taken for the film were labeled with â€Å"#BoycottStarWarsVII† and â€Å"#StarWarsaMensGalaxy†. In spite of the fights, and negative criticism from numerous activists and fans, the film produced $529 million its initial week. Stepping out the notions that this one film would destroy the picture of Star Wars that was built up. In any case, the greatest triumph this movie had, was with its characters and their jobs in the movie as executive JJ Abrams clarified that The Force Awakens was something that would change the Star Wars until the end of time. Many estimated that, in spite of the most recent increases to the establishment would in any case be commanded by men, and have little traces of a lady being in power. In any case, when the film appeared many found the story's primary character, Rey, a puzzling character with a covered up backstory, was not just tricky and balanced. She was really autonomous, didn't depend on another character, end up in the center of an adoration scene, or enthusiastically sitting tight for a knight in sparkling covering to come make all the difference. The nearest she comes to something of that sort, is her friend Finn, who additionally made a sprinkle being the establishment's first African American lead job. Be that as it may, it seems to be two companions caring for each other, it could even be perceived as a bond carefully manufactured by endurance. In any case, this was not by any means the only stunner of the film, as another contort to the plot of the story comes during the peak of the film. When Rey would even annihilation, and overwhelm the movies just white rival known as Kylo Ren in a lightsaber fight. Some would state that it was one of the most awful battle scenes on a Star Wars film to date, however not on the off chance that you accept a more intensive look as the battle itself has a concealed importance. Investigating the battle scene, Kylo plays with Rey and doesn't look as a genuine adversary. Provoking her, and demonstrating his boss solidarity to push her to a debilitated state however at the one point he offers her an opportunity to go along with him as a student and encourage her what she needs as a Jedi. This can be viewed as a snapshot of man pounding the idea of a lady taking on such a job. Exhibiting that a lady, for example, Rey isn't intended to be so solid. That she isn't intended to remain as a warrior, or as somebody who can hold fast and can without much of a stretch fall prey to the expressions of a man who has all the earmarks of being more grounded and offers an exit plan a troublesome circumstance. Be that as it may, as Rey, battles to hold off her rival, she pauses for a minute to consider what her identity is, and why she is battling. She at that point gets engaged and fashions a more grounded bond among herself and the power which permits her to turn out to be more remarkable than Kylo could have ever become in such a brief timeframe. Rey, who has never battled with a lightsaber, never utilized the power in at any rate, or confronted a malevolent as solid as Kylo Ren rises successful. Establishing a connection with the youngster, and the crowd that this female character isn't one to be messed with along these lines, that ladies can take on such a job, and be similarly as acceptable of a Jedi warrior deserving of employing a lightsaber in fight. This scene alone can be demonstrated as one of the most notable, outwardly satisfying, and candid ever, with the straightforward message it brings through its activities and portrayal. Only one more thing for the world to experience passionate feelings for, and that it did. Following the accomplishment of the film came the huge interest for the toys, and computer game figures that general society would be available to gather and appreciate. The new line of Star Wars figures and computer games included pretty much each and every cast part and their ensembles, all aside from one significant piece. Rey herself, was not seen as remembered for any of the product created by toy merchant Hasbro, aside from one. One that was a piece of a â€Å"Speeder Bundle†, a pre-deal toy pack before the film was discharged. Be that as it may, this one toy completely denies Rey of any sexual orientation as she is completely veiled and dressed. One would not see it was a female character as a toy. This obviously drove a huge callout from fans and sex activists, both bringing up the issue with respect to why? For what reason was this significant female character being forgotten about when such huge numbers of were requiring her to show up? The appropriate response originated from an inside report from Hasbro that expressed toymakers were explicitly coordinated to prohibit Rey from their items in light of the fact that â€Å"Star Wars toys were intended for young men and young men don't care for playing with female activity figures. No kid needs to be given an item with a female character on it.† Which brought both Hasbro and Disney to approach and came up with a slight rationalization saying their goals were â€Å"mistaken, as

VQA

VQA I’ve decided I talk too much. I need to give some other people a chance, which is why I’ve been reaching out to others in the GEL Program lately for these blog posts. So when two friends in the GEL program told me they’d like to help with an entry, I decided to go all-out and get some video up in this blog. Joe ‘12, Kevin ‘11, and I met up to talk about GEL, IAP, MIT, and any other 3-lettered abbreviations we have in common. First, we’d like to introduce ourselves. Please excuse the rather, um, low lighting. Off camera, we talked about questions that prospective students or students interested in the GEL Program might ask, and we wrote our responses so that you can get several points-of-view on the same topics. Why did you apply to MIT? Joe: I knew I wanted to study electrical engineering, and MIT is fantastic for that. The general ethos I got from meeting with some professors (who I would go on to take classes from) was also very appealing. Maggie: I actually had a phase in high school where I thought I would never apply to MIT because I thought I wouldn’t “fit in” to such an engineering-focused institution. But I love Boston. And I loved my interview with my MIT EC. And I loved how Mystery Hunt was going on during my visit to campus. And I loved how people seemed to have true passions in what they did, whether that’s in programming or wooden roller coaster construction. I also loved that I could be on an athletics team or involved in a school newspaper with fellow engineers and scientists, not stereotypical “jocks” or students that don’t put academics first. And now I can’t imagine myself anywhere else. Kevin: So, I visited schools the summer before senior year, and MIT really stood out to me. I have to admit the academics seemed pretty daunting, but when I visited what really stood out was the culture. From the hackers scaling buildings under cover of night to the labs creating craziness in general, there really seemed to be a culture of It doesnt exist? Why not? Lets do it! And that I found really inspiring the idea that you can really do something with technology was awesome. I was told that learning to think like an engineer would be really useful and Ive always enjoyed building things / tinkering with projects, so MIT seemed like a great fit. Also Ive long had an interest in entrepreneurship. So, basically my criteria was: awesome engineering school where people do / theres a good environment for startups. MIT fit the bill and has really, really been both of those things for me. How did you find out about the GEL Program? Joe: At the suggestion of a friend of mine, currently a GEL2, I looked into the program and applied. Maggie: My advisor actually recommended it to me. The fact that someone personally brought up this opportunity made it seem like it was a good thing for me to explore. Kevin: I found out about GEL through some juniors and seniors that I knew in the program. I think I may have seen a flier, but I really dont remember. What I saw also was some of my peers who were working on really solid projects and really learning how to lead were also applying. Knowing that Id get to interact with awesome peers in a way that was outside classes really drew me to the program. Why did you apply to GEL? What attracted you most? Joe: GEL seemed different than most leadership programs programs that I frankly have little respect for, because they seem to conflate giving a pep talk and a pamphlet with training in leadership or management. The program, like MIT as a whole, places a large emphasis on experience and actually doing things. The [Engineering Leadership Laboratories, or] ELLs, and ESD.950 experiences Maggie talks about are not unusual or uncommon experiences highlighted to make the blog more interesting (well, maybe the LEGO airplanes are. Most of the time we dont get to play with my childhood toys) rather, they are the fundamental components of the program and the courses that comprise it. That learn by doing philosophy is probably the programs biggest selling point. Maggie: I have a good friend in the program who’s also a chemical engineer and I think that whatever she does is cool so I followed suit. I sat in on an ELL and was really impressed with everyone’s energy. People came right up to me and introduced themselves, and I thought These are the kinds of people I want to work with. The staff, too, is very committed to its students. They seemed to make the students more confident in their abilities. What surprised you about the GEL Program? Joe: It actually challenged me. Most of my classes have definite answers â€" with enough time and reasonable diligence, every problem set has an answer. Sure, you can vary your assumptions or the specific method you use, but at the end of the day youre arguing over degrees of rightness. Not so in dealing with people and projects. I was surprised by the level of thought and rigor that you can put into everyday interactions, and more importantly, how large of an improvement you get from doing so. Maggie: It’s the first time I look forward to working in a group. Everyone applied to this program, and so we all aspire to develop the capabilities of effective leadership, and group work goes hand in hand with these capabilities. I trust that fellow GELs will respect deadlines and deliver quality results. Kevin: What surprised me about GEL, though I suppose its probably a pre-requisite for entering the program, was the idea that you could actually learn how to be a better leader through practice. Like skills learned at MIT, its NOT something youre born with. In addition, the simulations in GEL are something I have taken outside to more real decisions. In starting my own company in college (doing laser-etched business cards) and starting a music club, I saw how much having a solid leader really mattered. Times when I fell short were often not even technical, but rather in terms of leading the team whether it was providing a clear direction, setting expectations, or really meeting the needs of team members (leadership is definitely a serving endeavor.) I remember back to a really big product design class; I was supposed to help create a backboard for mountain rescue (see: Fortrus, circa 2009). When I didnt really step up and demonstrate leadership in terms of getting the materials, my team couldnt help me build it. As we missed deadline after deadline (really just one of the main important ones), it became clear that we needed to step up. One of the things we learn in GEL is an urgency to act I ordered the materials we built it. It was a super-crazy 2 week race to the finish, but we got it done. Seeing how my classmates in the GEL program have done that in their organizations has inspired me to not let the backboard situation repeat itself, at least with the delays. Because the thing that I expected, but still never fails to amaze me is how awesome the people Ive interacted with in the program. They are students who are doing this so that they can really better serve their organizations, both in and out of MIT. So, in a way, the reasons that I entered have been beyond fulfilled, and though MIT often does that, it was most certainly a pleasant surprise here. Ive learned (and will continue to learn) lessons that I will most certainly take into the real world as I endeavor to become a no-holds-barred entrepreneur. ================================== Okay, this is a lot of content, so I’ll be back later to post a video of our conversation about some of our favorite GEL experiences! What a teaser!

What Do All of the Census Abbreviations Mean

No matter where in the world they are taken, census schedules usually offer very little room. Therefore, census takers often found it necessary to use abbreviations to get all of the required information onto the census form. These abbreviations – ranging from Na for naturalized to AdD for adopted daughter — can provide important information that may be critical to your research. Citizenship Status Census Abbreviations Al - Alien (not naturalized)Pa - First papers filed (declaration of intent)Na - NaturalizedNR - Not recorded or not reported Household Soundex Abbreviations Ad - Adopted AdAdCl - Adopted ChildAdD - Adopted DaughterAdGcl - Adopted GrandchildAdM - Adopted MotherAdS - Adopted SonAp - ApprenticeAt - AttendantAsst - AssistantA - AuntAl - Aunt-In-LawBar - BartenderBo - BoarderB Boy - Bound BoyB Girl - Bound GirlB - BrotherBl - Brother-In-LawBu - ButlerCap - CaptainCha - ChambermaidCl - ChildCoa - CoachmanCom - CompanionC - CousinCil - Cousin-In-LawD - DaughterDl - Daughter-In-LawDla - Day LaborerDw - Dish WasherDom - DomesticEmp - EmployeeEn - EngineerFaH - Farm HandFaL - Farm LaborerFaW - Farm WorkerF - FatherFl - Father-In-LawFi - FiremanFirst C - First CousinFoB - Foster BrotherFB - Foster BrotherFoSi - Foster SisterFS - Foster SisterFoS - Foster SonGod Child GodGo - GovernessGcl - GrandchildGd - GranddaughterGf - GrandfatherGM - GrandmotherGml - Grandmother-In-LawGs - Grand SonGsl - Grand Son-In-LawGGF - Great GrandfatherGGM - Great GrandmotherGGGF - Great Great GrandfatherGGGM - Great Great GrandmotherGni - Great- or GrandnieceGn - Great- or GrandnephewGua - GuardianHSi - Half SisterHSil - Half Sister-In-LawHb - Half BrotherHbl - Half Brother-In-LawHelp - HelperHe - HerderHGi - Hired GirlHH - Hired HandHlg - HirelingHk - HousekeeperHMaid - HousemaidHw - House WorkerLa- LaborerLau - LaundryL - LodgerMan - ManagerMat - MatronM - MotherMl - Mother-In-LawN - NephewNl - Nephew-In-LawNi - NieceNil - Niece-In-LawNi - NurseO - OfficerPa - PartnerP - PatientPh - PhysicianPor - PorterPri - PrincipalPr - PrisonerPrv - PrivatePu - PupilR - RoomerSa - SailorSal - SalesladySe - ServantSeCl - Servants ChildSi - SisterS - SonSl - Son-In-LawSb - Step BrotherSbl - Step Brother-In-LawScl - Step ChildSd - Step DaughterSdl - Step Daughter-In-LawSf - Step FatherSfl - Step Father-In-LawSgd - Step GranddaughterSgs - Step GrandsonSm - Step MotherSml - Step Mother-In-LawSsi - Step SisterSsil - Step Sister-In-LawSs - Step SonSsl - Step Son-In-LawSu - SuperintendentTen - TenantU - UncleUl - Uncle-In-LawVi - VisitorWt - WaiterWai - WaitressWa - WardenW - WifeWkm - Workman Language and Nativity Census Codes X0 - foreign bornX9 - born at sea Military Status From column 30 of the 1910 census: UA - Survivor of the Union ArmyUN - Survivor of the Union NavyCA - Survivor of the Confederate ArmyCN - Survivor of the Confederate Navy

Poverty And Its Effects On Society - 1352 Words

Poverty is a current social problem that is relevant to American society. Being an impoverished individual in this society places the individual and his or her family at a major disadvantage. According to the United States Census Bureau, 45.3 million American citizens lived in poverty in 2013. Poverty has an impact on society as well as the individual. Higher rates of poverty could lead to higher criminal activity. Individuals who are not sufficiently financially supported will most likely turn to crime in order to make the money that they need. Clearly, a spike in crime rates negatively affects our society as a whole. Services such as a decent education, good quality health care, housing and many other aspects of the average American’s daily lives are extremely difficult for those suffering from poverty to attain. This social problem can perpetuate in a never ending cycle in an individual’s family. Impoverished parents who put their children into below average schools are not able to compete in society for a decent job and the circle progresses throughout generations of a family. Poverty creates a â€Å"the haves and have nots† type of society that distinctly separates those who have these services at their disposal and those who do not. Hypotheses: The demographic factors that has an impact on poverty in the United States are race and socioeconomic status or class. White privilege is quite apparent in the United States and minorities are, in result, oppressed by this aspectShow MoreRelatedPoverty and Its Effect on Society1421 Words   |  6 PagesPOVERTY AND ITS EFFECT ON SOCIETY Poverty and its Effect on Society Le’Quisha Davis SOC 100 – Introduction to Sociology Professor Lisa Riggleman-Gross January 29, 2012 Abstract The United States has one of the strongest economies in the world. 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However poverty is more than not just having money. In addition to a lack of money, poverty is about not being able to participate in recreational activities; Not being able to send children on a day trip with classmates or to a birthday party, and not being able to pay for medications in times of illness. The poorest people will also have less access to health, education and other vital services.Read MorePoverty And Its Effects On Society1521 Words   |  7 PagesPoverty is one of the concepts that are created through corruption. Poverty is defined as a situation in which a person s income is inadequate to provide the necessities of life. This is apparent through the work of slaves as they mine diamonds without pay. They are threatened and forced to mine diamonds or else they will be killed or harmed in other ways. The companies such as Van De Kaap are exploiting workers as they are able to mine diamonds through free labour. 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Crime can be defined in many different ways; different societies all over the world choose to define crimes differently. Poverty and crime have a very close relationship. The UN and the / World Bank have crime listed as one of the obstacles to tackle a country’s development. Countries and governments that are dealing with poverty often also have to tackle the issue of crime as they try to develop their country’s economy and society. A particular social problem like those categorized as economicRead MorePoverty As A Social Problem1739 Words   |  7 Pages Poverty as a Social Problem Magdalena Brania Mrs. Kropf May 27, 2015 Poverty is inscribed in the history of the world, but it is not inherent fate of every human being. It is also not related to the human nature, which does not mean that it can not be due to its nature. All communities experience it, with a greater or lesser extent way causing psychological and sociological conflicts. Society who have to deal with poverty is not only from undeveloped countries, but also developedRead MoreThe Effect of Poverty on Childrens Lives1172 Words   |  5 Pages‘Poverty is not just a disadvantaged and insecure economic condition, it is also understood in terms of how people in poverty interact with the wider society’. (Combat Poverty Agency, 2008, p3). Lack of money results in people not being able to adapt to the norm and socialise with others which has a huge effect how people are treated in their everyday life. This leads to isolation, shame and unacceptable living conditions which has a huge impact on the child’s life. (Combat Povert y Agency, 2008)

Critical Criminology Free Essays

CHAPTER 1 CRIME THEORY: CRITICAL CRIMINOLOGY There could be different reasons of increasing crimes. One of the obvious reasons is poverty and social injustice. Most of the people engaged in crime either don’t have proper source of income or they are socially discriminated. We will write a custom essay sample on Critical Criminology or any similar topic only for you Order Now So the main reason of crime is poverty and social injustice. Most of the places with high poverty and social injustice have high crime rate (Jerry, 1995). The most important policy implications that would be most successful in reducing crime and/or rehabilitating convicted offenders in long term are critical criminology theories. In critical criminology crimes are defined in terms of domination. That is if some class or group is dominant than they can make social concept lawful and unlawful. Lower class, single parent women, poor people and minorities mainly suffer due to domination factor by others (Hopkin, 2001). 1. 1 Broad Problem Area: â€Å"Importance of Critical Criminology in Reducing Crimes† Justice system around the world is not strong enough to reduce crimes. So we need alternative approach through which criminals can become useful and productive member of the society. It’s not easy to completely change justice system but it’s not difficult to make criminals better citizens as well. Critical criminology is an effective way to reduce social injustice and crimes. Concept of critical criminology came in late sixties and early seventies. It mainly deals with the dominative and differential relation between different groups on the basis of demographic factors such as age, gender, ethnicity, minorities, cultures, values and social groups. This culture and social diversity was created due to migrations and human nature. Social indifferences are another form of injustice. It’s important to support these peoples who are being discriminated (Bauman and Tester, 2001). According to Wikipedia Encyclopedia, in critical criminology the scope of crimes is defined differently on the basis of social circumstances and time period of their occurrence. Critical criminology is somewhat different from basic study of criminology that deals with criminals and their behaviors. The basic idea of critical criminology is that the social and past trends would define whether some thing is unlawful or not at given time. There could be different things that are considered to be unlawful in past but now they are lawful and same goes with those things which are lawful in past but now they are unlawful. Such as marriage of homosexuals was considered to be unlawful in past but now with the passage of time societies are accepting this and making laws to protect marriages of homosexuals. This is not possible that all the studies on crimes are dealing with modern social life but they are some way connected to the present (Garland, 1999). There could be different theories that could emerges from critical criminology such as conflict theories, feminist theories, postmodern and peacemaking theories. A conflict theory of criminology is not accepted largely by criminologist because they think conflict theories don’t address the criminal activities in socialist and capitalist societies. Feminist theories define that crime done by males and crimes done by females should be viewed differently. They give new aspect to criminology on the basis of gender. Critical criminologists have different views and way of resolving crimes. These two theories are mainly recognized around the world. Main emphasis is given to relation between criminals and societies. Even feminist criminologists don’t properly represent gender prospective and take back their views after failure of other criminologists (Van, 1997). There is a difference between critical criminology and conventional criminology. Conventional criminology is not dealing with activities which are affecting life of thousands of people such as politicians’ decisions that could affect millions of people, corporate scandals that affected thousands of workers, stock market manipulations that affected thousand of investors and also discriminations of minorities that have no end. Conventional laws do not answer these structural disparities that helps dominate group to take advantage of it. Conventional criminology is dealing with state defined crimes but not the crimes that are harming society ocially (Stephen, 1983). Criminologists working to find ways to resolve or to reduce crimes are not able to identify or not able to provide any authentic procedures to resolve crimes (Braithwaite, 1998). And also they didn’t even give importance to issues or difference created due to power and state (Cunneen and White 1996). This is still a claim that critical craniologist are more inclined towards gaining some pos ition and recognition rather than actually doing some thing for society to protect human rights and to promote justice in society. Since 1960, activists in human rights and social justice are molding progress in critical criminology theory. There is a relation between criminologists and social human right moments (Braithwaite, 1989). Critical criminologist overstates the crime problem in society. Instead of removing the mystery that crimes are not their and its media created etc. they should accept crimes as a dilemma of powerless. They must not criticize criminal system by keeping this fact in mind that it is created by undue protection given to the privileged class. There is a cause effect relationship between crimes and poverty, racism, discrimination, social injustice, racisms etc. Critical criminoloiges must keep this in mind while evaluating crimes. However, critical criminology and traditional criminology should not work in different ways rather they should work together in the same way. (Cohen, 1998). 1. 2 Problem Statement: â€Å"Is Critical thinking is helpful to reduce crimes and able to reduce social injustice from society†. 1. 3 Purpose Significance of Study The main purpose of this study is to identify the importance of critical criminology in order to reduce crimes. This study will also identify other ways to reduce crimes and their effectiveness. And it will also explain what factors are responsible for crimes. This study will help policy makers and law enforcing agencies to avoid crimes by using proper critical criminology theories. 1. 4 Research Questions The aim of this research is to study, 1) How do people perceive that critical criminology can reduce crimes? 2) How do people perceive the role of critical criminology in order to reduce injustice from society? ) How do people perceive that critical criminology approach is better way to reduce crime rather than conventional criminology approach? 1. 5 Theoretical Diagram In this diagram crimes reduction is dependent variable which depend on critical criminology that is independent variable. Critical Criminology method that properly identify social injustices that could change offend er future behavior towards crime and society support to accept these people as a useful member of society are intervening variable. These variables can assure the effectiveness of counseling treatment to reduce crimes. Independent Variable Dependent Variable Intervening Variable CHAPTER 2 RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODOLOGY This chapter presents the basic methodology and requirement in research. It includes the methods of research, the respondents and their description, sources of data, the sets of research instruments that were used, the treatment of data, and the statistical tools, which were used in this study. 2. 1 Method of the Study: The research utilized the descriptive method in acquiring information for evaluation and analysis. The descriptive survey was the general rocedure employed in a study that has for its chief purposes the description of the phenomena that is importance of critical criminology theory in reducing crimes from society by providing social injustice. 2. 2 Sample, Type of Questionnaire, Treatment of Data: The population for this research study was the general public. A random sample of 50 was taken from different places and different groups such as law enforcing agencies, co mmunity, criminologist etc. Researcher selected probability sampling, because every person had an equal chance of being selected. The survey questionnaire seeks the perception of the respondents with respect to factors important for crime reduction. In order to analyze the information given in the questionnaires, Likert scale had been applied in question 1 to question 9. The purpose is to evaluate effectiveness of counseling in crime reduction. 2. 3 Validation of the questionnaire: It was deemed necessary to revalidate the questionnaire to find out the clarity of the questions being asked as well as their relevance to the problems formulated. The validation of the questionnaire was done through the comments and suggestion by respondent. And also validation and reliability of research instrument used to get information that is questionnaire is done by implementing it to different places and same results were extracted from every place. 2. 4 Statistical Tools: Researcher used frequency and percentage distribution to determine the relationships of the variables and give clear and reliable analysis and interpretation of the data. The formula is; % = F/N ? 100 % = percentage F = frequency N = number of respondent CHAPTER 3 QUESTIONNAIRE ANALYSIS, FINDINGS CONCLUSION 3. 1 Questionnaire Analysis: Respondent responded in the following way: Topic Based on Questionnaire |Highly Disagree | Disagree | Moderately | |Highly Agree | | | | | |Agree | | |Critical criminology is providing support to poor, minority |11% |18% |25% |42% |4% | |and low social class group | | | | | | |Critical criminology theory is important to reduce social |0% |0% |14% |57% |29% | |differences | | | | | | |Main reason of increasing crime rate is socia l injustice |3% |10% |21% |40% |26% | |Critical criminology is playing important role in order to |11% |28% |31% |26% |4% | |highlight social injustices | | | | | | |Critical criminology is different from conventional |29% |36% |19% |10% |6% | |criminology | | | | | | |There is a difference of opinion among critical criminologist |18% |24% |21% |30% |7% | |Critical criminologists are criticizing conventional justice |17% |19% |23% |35% |6% | |system that it supports to powerful class | | | | | | Social movement regarding human rights and social justice is |0% |0% |9% |55% |36% | |supporting critical criminologist | | | | | | |Critical criminologists are working for their recognition |26% |37% |21% |10% |6% | |rather than to support social injustice | | | | | | 3. 2 Findings Conclusion: On the basis of the questionnaire, most of the respondent responded that critical criminology is providing support to poor, minority and low social class group and critical criminology theory is imp ortant to reduce social differences †¢ On the basis of the questionnaire, most of the respondent agreed on a statement that main reason of increasing crime rate is social injustice and critical criminology is playing important role in order to highlight social injustices †¢ On the basis of the questionnaire, most of the respondent responded moderately agreed on a statement that critical criminology is different from conventional criminology and there is a difference of opinion among critical criminologist †¢ On the basis of the questionnaire, most of the respondent responded that critical criminologists are criticizing conventional justice system that it supports to powerful class and social movement regarding human rights and social justice is supporting critical criminologist. In these days societies are giving more focus to crime, victimization, regulation, punishment, with respect to human rights, equity, social justice, well being of the community, and globalizat ion. More activists are taking interest in decreasing discrimination and imbalances in societies. They are trying to gather more people to take action for the betterment of society and this will affect both antiestablishment and establishment criminologies. If model of Mutualism develops with the same pace than critical criminologists have to revise their studies and ways to resolve crimes. They have to establish the relation between antiestablishment and establishment criminologies not for individual but for the society. Now societies are moving from equal rights and equal justice to human rights and social justice due to social movement to protect rights. References: Bauman, Z. , Tester, K. (2001). Conversations with Zygmunt Bauman. Cambridge: Polity Press. Braithwaite, J. 1989. Crime, Shame and Reintegration. Melbourne: Cambridge University Press. Braithwaite, J. 1998. Reducing the Crime Problem: A Not So Dismal Criminology. The New Criminology Revisited, London: Macmillan. Chan, J. 1996. Crime Prevention and the Lure of Relevance. Australian and New Zealand. Journal of Criminology, 27(1): 25-9. Cunneen, C. , and White, R. 1996. Juvenile Justice: An Australian Perspective. Melbourne: Cambridge University Press Garland, D. (1999). The Commonplace and the Catastrophic. Theoretical Criminology, 3(3), pp. 353-64. Hopkins, B. R. (2001). An Introduction to Criminological Theory. Cullompton: Willan pg. 173 Jerry, B. (1995). Crime Control: We the People. Radio broadcasts. North Coast XPress. Stephen, B. 1983. Power Crime. Van, S. R. (1997). Critical Criminology: Visions from Europe. London: Sage Wikipedia Encyclopedia. Critical Criminology. 2008. Retrieved on 12 July 2008 from http:// en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Critical_criminology QUESTIONNAIRE: RESEARCH PAPER CRIME THEORY: CRITICAL CRIMINOLOGY Direction: Please indicate the degree of importance as perceived by you, by putting a tick mark opposite to each of the number item showing the degree of perception. Scale |Weights | |Highly Disagree |1 | |Disagree |2 | |Moderately |3 | |Agree |4 | |Highly Agree |5 | 1) At what extent do you think critical criminology is providing support to poor, minority and low social class group? Highly Disagree Highly Agree 1 2 3 4 5 2) At what extent do you think critical criminology theory is important to reduce soc ial differences? Highly Disagree Highly Agree 1 2 3 4 5 3) At what extent do you think main reason of increasing crime rate is social injustice? Highly Disagree Highly Agree 1 2 3 4 5 4) At what extent do you think critical criminology is playing important role in order to highlight social injustices? Highly Disagree Highly Agree 1 2 3 4 5 5) At what extent do you think critical criminology is different from conventional criminology? Highly Disagree Highly Agree 1 2 3 4 5 6) At what extent do you think there is a difference of opinion among critical criminologist? Highly Disagree Highly Agree 1 2 3 4 5 7) At what extent do you think critical criminologists are criticizing conventional justice system that it supports to powerful class? Highly Disagree Highly Agree 1 2 3 4 5 ) At what extent do you think social movement regarding human rights and social justice is supporting critical criminologist? Highly Disagree Highly Agree 1 2 3 4 5 9) At what extent do you think critical criminologists are working for their recognition rather than to support social injustice? Highly Disagree Highly Agree 1 2 3 4 5 ———————– Critical Criminology CRIMES REDUCTION Feminist Theory Conflict Theory Postmodern Peacemaking Theories How to cite Critical Criminology, Papers

Uncle Toms Cabin by Harriet Beecher Stowe and Incidents free essay sample

In The Life of A Slave Girl by Harriet Jacobs are two books which were written against slavery. Both authors are deeply against slavery and write these books to convince their audience that slavery is bad. They both want the reader to get an image of how slavery was about during the 1850s. Only difference is that Stowe writes about things that occur during the 1850s but are not based on a true story. In other words, Uncle Toms Cabin is fiction where has Jacobs book, it is an autobiography, a slave narrative. Even though Uncle Toms Cabin is fiction and Incidents In The Life of A Slave Girl is a life story, they both confirm the reality and viciousness of slavery by focusing in religion, mental and sexual abuse, and how slavery obliterates the moral principles of slaveholders. Religion played a major role during slavery. Not only was religion one of the main reasons as to way colored people (and the few white abolitionist there were) believed slavery was wrong but also because it was the only good there was during the 1800s. We will write a custom essay sample on Uncle Toms Cabin by Harriet Beecher Stowe and Incidents or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page During the 1800s, it was jam-packed with inequality. Therefore, religion was the hope towards freedom, love, and equality amongst all. In Stowes book, Uncle Tom was the most religious and noble character. In Jacobs book, Aunt Martha was the most religious and kind hearted. Both characters passed on the religious values to others. For example, after Uncle Toms death was it then that Mr. Shelby, Toms slaveholder, realize that in the eyes of God, Slavery was immoral. Mr. Shelby states, Witness, eternal God!. Oh, witness that, from this hour I will do what one man can drive out this curse of slavery from my land! (Stowe, 479). Mr. Shelby had basically said that with the help and guidance of God, and his determination, he was going to put a stop to slavery. He realized how slavery was not right and was determined to work against slavery from that very hour (meaning the moment poor Tom passed away). This part of the Story was Stowes way of conveying her message that through determination and the power of having religion/god in your life, it is the way Slavery would have an end to it. Another example from Stowes book is a quote from Mrs. Shelby. She states that This is a God’s curse on slavery†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦I was a fool to think I could make anything good out of such a deadly evil. It is a sin to hold a slave under laws like ours,†¦ (Stowe, 38). This is a perfect example of Stowes religious views stating that slavery is a sin, in others eyes, a crime and that because of those reasons it shall be prohibited. As for Jacobs, we get to read an actual event that happened during her time of being a slave. As mentioned before, religion was an important part of every slave. Jacobs gives us an example of how the white individual would try to use religion to lure the slaves to do as their master says. Knowing that religion was a big part of a slaves life and beliefs, their assumptions were that this type of preaching was actually going to affect and bring some senses into the slaves mind. A preacher named Mr. Pike would preach to the slaves stating that You must forsake your sinful ways, and be faithful servants. Obey your old master and your young master You must obey Gods Commandments. (Jacobs, 60). Next is how mental and sexual abuse confirms the viciousness of slavery. Jacob talks through out the book the way her master took away her Girlhood. Jacob discusses how women suffered just has bad as men did. Men did in fact undergo more physical abuses but throughout the book you can read how she and women in general endure the same pain. She states by saying that she then entered on [her] fifteenth year—a sad epoch in the life of a slave girl. [Her] master began to whisper foul words in [her] ear. (Jacobs, 26) With that being said, it began with foul words but then lead to the sexual abuse. Another example from the text was when she says that Slavery is terrible for men, but it is far more terrible for women. (Jacobs, 66) This example also informs us on how hard it was for her and for other slave women during those times. That is way it is harsh on a slave girl because they are forced to have sexual relations with their masters. As for mental cruelty, women are mentally being abused because they are tortured when they get separated from their children. For a mother, being away from your blood and flesh and knowing that they will probably have no more contact with them because they were sold, is terrible. An example from the text can be with A friend of hers named Fanny stating that dwelled agony but did not suffer the same as her because she had hope to see her children. As of for her, she did not have no more hope because they had been auctioned off. (Jacobs, 130) Last but not least how slavery obliterates the moral principles of slaveholders. Stowe uses perfect examples of how slaveholders were trying to be nice but in the end were not what they appeared to be. An example will be Mr. Shelbys father and a character name St. Clare. Both of these slave holders saw and knew that Slavery was wrong. But they didnt stop with the slavery because they thought that slavery had already spread to much and that it had become unstoppable. For that reason they didnt bother stopping themselves. Other examples can be Mr. Shelby. Mr. Shelby became a huge impact on the message of the book. He was against slavery but he dealt with it by owning slaves and treating them with honor. Just like in Jacobs narrative, her master will treat her well by never making her go through whippings or do field work, but still had her as a slave. In conclusion, I believe both books are good sources to look into if anybody is trying to get a point of view towards slavery or even a history behind it. I also believe that both books are reliable because they both provide their own individual pieces. Stowe offers a brief history and conveys the message that once accepting God into ones life, Slavery would end. She also gives an overall perspective of what was going on during the 1800s because she wrote this book right when The Fugitive Slave Law was passed. Therefore she expressed her opinion and was trying to send out a message to the Southerners (the south were her main target audience). As for Jacobs book, I believe it is a reliable source because she takes us into her past and her sufferings. She helps you understand how an actual and other slaves had to go through. Her book also allows the reader to understand more into depth that the women slaves suffered just as much as the men or even more so. In the end, I rate Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl by Harriet Jacobs higher than Uncle Toms Cabin because I believe there is nothing better than an actual life story. An autobiography has the ability to give the reader a better view of things of how that time of period was. I liked Jacobs narrative because through out the reading she repeatedly would mention to her readers that she was not exaggerating on what she had written/said. I liked that about her because it reassured me that I was actually living history and slavery just by reading her story. Although Uncle Toms Cabin was a great text written against slavery and towards Southerners, I didnt like Tom, as noble and religious the character was, he ended up suffering the most I believe. But overall, both books are great resources and thats way they continue to be read years after being written.

Cisco Global Business Strategy

Cisco Global Business Strategy Introduction The current competitive business world has presented many opportunities and challenges to different companies. This is as far as globalization is concerned. Different companies have been enhancing their operations to reach a wide market through globalization. The main aim of this report is to asses Cisco Systems Inc in relation to its strategic positioning in the market.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Cisco Global Business Strategy specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In this case, the report will analyze and evaluate various strategic challenges that the company is facing. As a matter of fact, these strategic challenges will be looked at after a clear assessment of the company has been done. This is because every global or multinational company like Cisco Systems Inc is expected to encounter such challenges in the course of doing business. The report will also carry out a PESTEL analysis. This will be don e to evaluate the current external environmental conditions that the company is facing in its operations. It should be known that every company is exposed to different external environmental conditions that can end up affecting its operations and business. In a broad perspective, the report will evaluate if Cisco Systems Inc is strategically positioned in the market to exploit its strengths and on the other hand defend itself against its own weaknesses. In this case, the report will evaluate if the company’s current strategy is in deed sustainable. This will be done using Michael Porters Five Forces and Three Generic Strategies. As a matter of fact, the current competitive business world offers many opportunities to Cisco Systems Inc. In this case, there are some common urgent issues that the company needs to deal with as far as its global strategy is concerned. Therefore, the report will recommend a good course of action that can be undertaken by the company to deal with suc h issues. Wholesomely, the report will give various recommendations that can be used by the company to enhance its global competitive as far as strategic positioning is concerned. History Cisco Systems Inc is an American global company. The company develops and sells different consumer electronics in various countries. In addition, the company is a big player in communications technology and networking. As a matter of act, it offers different services as far as these aspects are concerned. The company’s headquarters are located at San Jose in California (Bunnell 2000, p. 14).Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The company has more than 70, 714 employees. In 2010, it is estimated that the company will receive revenues of more than $40 billion (Cisco 2010, p. 16). As a matter of fact, it is rated as one of the world’s largest technological corporations. I n addition, the company trades its stocks on the Dow Jones stock exchange market. It should be known that the company was founded in 1984. As a matter of fact, the company’s name was derived from the name San Francisco (Cisco 2010, p. 6). In a broad perspective, Cisco Systems Inc was one of the first companies to sell good routers that had the capacity deal with a large number of network protocols. Currently, its routers are widely used in different countries to enhance the delivery of IP packets. The company has been acquiring other companies to enhance its product base and bring in new talent that can help it to advance its operations. An example of these companies is Stratacom that was acquired to bring in new products. In 2000, the Cisco Systems Inc was the most valuable company around the world (Cisco 2010, p. 12). This was as far as its market capitalization was concerned. Strategic challenges Like every other technological company, Cisco Systems Inc is facing various c hallenges that need to be looked at. These challenges have been increasing as time goes by in relation to various and distinct prevailing market conditions (Paulson 2001, p. 17). As much as the company has faced different strategic challenges, it is the market leader in switches and routers. This can be evaluated from an enterprise and service provider point of view. One of the major strategic challenges that the company is facing is the fact that sales in the USA market are declining as time goes by. In this case, the company has a challenge to look for other markets to enhance its growth (Cisco 2010, p. 16).Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Cisco Global Business Strategy specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Another strategic challenge that Cisco Systems Inc is facing can be seen in the erosion of margins in its existing markets. This has been brought about by increased competition in the global technological industry. Such issues have ended up affecting the company’s sales and revenue projections in a broad way. The company has to face new- low cost competitors in the market and this is a very big strategic challenge (Cisco 2010, p. 19). Low cost competitors have emerged because of various advancements in technology. This ends up giving them an advantage in the market. Cisco Systems Inc’s core technologies have been commoditized in the market and this is a strategic challenge that needs to be looked at. As much as USA accounts for 13% of Cisco Systems Inc’s market share, total sales have been declining because the market is saturated (Cisco 2010, p. 10). As a matter of fact, demand is softening in this market and the company needs to be creative and innovative to increase its overall demand and sales. PESTEL Analysis A PESTEL analysis is very important in assessing the current environmental conditions that Cisco Systems Inc is facing in the market. In this case, it is done t o analyze various economic, social, political, environmental, legal and technological issues that affect the company and its operations (Traverso 2000, p. 21). Cisco Systems Inc is a global company and is therefore exposed to various macro environmental issues that define the way it conducts its business and operations. Cisco Systems Inc has to contend with various economic factors that it is facing in the market. Recently, there was the global financial crisis that had its effects on different businesses.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This means that various economies have not recovered as expected and the company needs to come up with good mitigation measures (Soederbaum 2008, p. 18). As a matter of fact, sales have been adversely affected in countries that were seriously hit by the global financial crisis. Because the company is a global player, it has been affected by exchange rate variations. This is because it sells its products in different countries with diverse and distinct currencies. It should be known that exchange rate variations keep on changing as time goes by. This is in relation to prevailing market conditions and scenarios (Moore 1995, p.9). Therefore, for the company to return to profitability, it has to trade carefully as far as the global financial crisis is concerned. This is because there has been a gradual return to normalcy in relation to the global financial crisis. In this case, economic uncertainty has affected the company’s profits in different markets. This is because there is a slow growth in GDP in other developing countries. There are other political factors that have ended up affecting the company’s operations. Different countries have had networking restrictions as far as the company’s business is concerned (Cisco 2010, p. 29). This has reduced its growth momentum in such countries. In most occasions, such countries have strict rules that are supposed to be adhered to. Cisco Systems Inc has to deal with various legal issues when it is establishing its operations in different countries. Some of these legal issues can either favor the company or work against the company. In this case, the company has been at the mercy of different legislations from various countries. Such legislations have political inclinations and can therefore be done with vested interests. In extreme cases, the company has been accused of being involved in China’s censorship issues. As a matter of fact, the company has been blamed for supplying China with the e quipment that it used to block internet sites (Slater 2003, p. 17). Such political issues have affected the company’s image in the global market. In this case, the company argued that it did not specifically supply China with the equipments that it used to block internet sites but it was doing business with no vested interests. Different countries have their own tax systems that are supposed to be adhered to. Some of this tax systems and policies might have serious implications for the company in different markets (Wright 2004, p. 14). This is because some countries levy large tariffs and quotas with an aim of protecting their home industries. In 2007, the company was accused for tax fraud in Brazil. Technology has been advancing as time goes by (Stauffer 2001, p. 23). As a matter of fact, Cisco Systems Inc is a technological firm with global operations. This means that it has to face various technological issues in enhancing its operations. The growth rate of technological a dvancements has been very high in recent years. This means that other technologies have been wiped out and made obsolete. In this case, Cisco Systems Inc has been forced to invest in research and development to come up with new products as far as technological advancements are concerned. It should be known that new technology has created new products in the global market. To remain competitive, the company has been coming up with new products in relation to existing market trends and dynamics. This therefore explains why the company has been acquiring other technological companies as time goes by (Waters 2002, p. 21). As far as technological forces are concerned, companies can effectively enhance their technological processes to reduce operational costs. This helps to improve on the quality of products through vibrant innovation activities. The company is currently exposed to a lot of social issues that need to be dealt with. Technology moves with existing market trends and dynamics (Wright 2004, p. 19). This means that the current consumer is very demanding and needs new products every now and then. In a broad perspective, there are various social trends in the market. These forces have an impact on the overall demand that a given company will have in the market. Markets like the UK have an ageing population that needs a lot of investment in pension payments. When announcing its Q4 results, the company implied that it has conservative customers (Cisco 2010, p. 29). This means that such customers are very cautious about the economy and will therefore limit their spending and investments. The technological industry has one of the most unpredictable social trends. This implies that customers want new experiences every now and then. In this case, the company has been forced to source for new talent to enhance its operations and market presence. The company has not been exposed to a lot of environmental issues. This is because most of its products do not need a lo t of environmental assessment (Young 2001, p. 18). The only issue has been the company’s ability to comply with various environmental requirements and expectations. In this case, the company has to look at all environmental issues when it is designing its products. This is because technology has an impact on the environment and should be evaluated for sustainability. All this factors are very important in coming up with a strategic management plan. Because Cisco is a global player in the technological industry, it needs to assess such aspects for its own sustainability (Young 2001, p. 18). This is because such macro environmental issues influence a business and its operations. Economic indicators will continue to play an important role in a company’s growth plans and future prospects. Current strategy and positioning Cisco Systems Inc is currently the world largest company in networking for the internet (Cisco 2010, p. 9). The company has been growing because of its ab ility to handle various external and internal business factors. All along, the company has focused on its core business by engaging in effective strategic partnering. To remain competitive, the company has maintained a positive cash flow as time goes by. This has enabled it to compete well with other competitors in the market. In a broad perspective, the company has built its core strategy by being customer centered. This means that its current business strategy is very competitive and sustainable (Cisco 2010, p. 15). In this case, all technological companies should continue being customer centered to enhance their market share. This is because customers can shift their attention and loyalty depending on their tastes and preferences. In this case, a company should occasionally consult customers to understand their needs. Porters’ five forces help to analyze an industry and enhance the development of a given company’s strategy. The bargaining power of customers has been increasing as time goes by (Porter 2008, p. 17). This is because the current consumer is more informed and demanding. As a matter of fact, e-business has been affected by distinct customer preferences. This is because customers want more personalized products. In extreme cases, they want such products to be delivered at their own convenience. To remain competitive, the company has come up with customer centered products to satisfy their individual needs and preferences. As a matter of fact, the company offers highly responsive services to its customers. Since its creation, the company has been moving products to customers (Cisco 2010, p. 16). As a matter of fact, the company has a lot of business processes to the internet as time goes by. The global technological industry has a lot of competitive rivalry. This has enhanced the emergence of various low cost companies. Such companies are threatening the existence of established companies like Cisco Systems Inc. In extreme cases, tech nological advancements have brought in new companies in the market. Therefore, the company has been forced to come up with new ways of doing business to remain competitive. In this case, the company has occasionally developed new products to keep off competition. Government policies have been encouraging technological advancements and that is why many companies have taken advantage of such provisions to establish their presence in the market (Slater 2003, p. 14). Competitive rivalry has also been intensified through various innovations that have taken place in the industry. The company’s strategy is very sustainable because it has been attracting new talent to enhance product development. There is a high threat of substitute products and services in the global technology industry. The existence of substitute products has increased buyers’ ability to switch products according to their needs. As a matter of fact, there are a lot of substitute products in the market (Wate rs 2002, p. 16). To remain sustainable, the company has built a good relationship with customers. This has been done by occasionally coming up with new products in relation to their needs at a particular time. The company relies on proper utilization of the internet to enhance its operations. Such aspects have seen it become one of the most successful technological companies in the world. As a matter of fact, the company has driven e-business to customers to enhance its performance. The bargaining power of suppliers for technological companies has been increasing in recent years. This is because technological companies have come up with better ways of doing business. In this case, suppliers can switch to different companies in relation to the prevailing market switching costs (Soederbaum 2008, p. 14). All this withstanding, the company has an effective distribution channel that it has used to enhance its operations and activities in the market. This has been done through good strate gic partnerships and relationships with different suppliers in the market. Although this has been improving as time goes by, the company has projected that it will experience different supply chain constraints that are expected to affect its 2010 financial performance (Cisco 2010, p. 18). The number of new competitors in the industry has also been increasing in relation to market needs and trends. This has always threatened the company’s core business. For sustainability, the company has come up with better ways of doing business. This revolves around new approaches to strategic management. In extreme case, the company has occasionally developed new products to remain competitive. Cisco Systems Inc’s success and continued profitability can be attributed to proper enforcement of porters’ three generic strategies. The company’s segmentation strategy has been very effective in penetrating new markets (Cisco 2010, p. 12). In this case, it has identified diffe rent market segments that need to be attended to. As a matter of fact, the company has differentiated its products to compete well with other market players and companies. This is because customers want new and effective products in the market. The company’s cost leadership strategy has enabled it to appeal to different price sensitive consumers. As a matter of fact, the company has always come up with good prices to suit its target market. This is because its serves different clients with distinct needs. In a broad perspective, the company was able to save $ 1.5 billion dollars in 2009. This was done through effective cost avoidance and increased operational efficiency in its operations around the world. Cisco Systems Inc has a good strategic scope that has focused on effective customers’ needs delivery. In this case, the company competes in all market segments. Globalization has come up as a new way and approach of doing business (Cisco 2010, p. 14). To show how stra tegic the company is, it provides internet protocol to all businesses around the world. This means that the company has strategically positioned itself in the market to serve various market needs and interests. Urgent issues Cisco Systems Inc has to deal with various issues as far as its global strategy is concerned. The company has been receiving criticisms in relation to its global activities. Such criticisms include the China censorship issue that gave the company a bad image. To solve such issues, the company should be open about its business activities and operations (Cisco 2010, p. 26). This is because customers might not want to associate themselves with a company that colludes with other governments to infringe on the rights of internet consumers. The company has also been facing legal lawsuits in different countries. These lawsuits have been advanced by various organizations and companies in relation to its activities and operations. An example of such a lawsuit is the shar eholder class issue where the company ended up paying $ 91.75 million (Cisco 2010, p. 11). In this case, the company should review it’s cooperate practices to avoid any controversies. It should be known that the company is experiencing supply chain constraints that need to be attended to for sustainability. This is because the global market is vey competitive and such incompetency’s can end up being costly to the company. Such an aspect can be looked at by evaluating the company’s component lead time that is supposed to be improved as time goes by (Cisco 2010, p. 13). The company should ensure that it reduces its supply chain constraints to remain competitive. The company needs to review its strategy to reflect the current global financial crisis’s real market situation. This is because there is a market uncertainty that has seen many countries experience slow GDP growth rates (Cisco 2010, p. 9). Such an aspect is expected to affect the company’s r evenue projections. In this case, the company should come up with better ways of enhancing its sales and revenues. Another urgent issue is the slow recovery from the global financial crisis than it had been projected. As a matter of fact, the company’s customers have ended up being cautious in their spending. Because these customers are re-evaluating their spending, the company should come up with a new approach to marketing to enhance its sales and operations. The company should also deal with an unfavorable product mix. This is because it has been introducing new products in the market every now and then. As a matter of fact, sales of its core products; switches and routers have dropped by 1.4% in the third quarter of 2010 (Cisco 2010, p. 23). There is also an impact of different government regulations. This has affected its sales margins in different ways. In this case, it should clearly evaluate markets before launching its operations. Conclusion and recommendation Like e very other technological company, Cisco Systems Inc is facing various challenges that need to be looked at. These challenges have been increasing as time goes by in relation to the prevailing market conditions. One of the major strategic challenges that the company is facing is the fact that sales in the USA market are declining as time goes by. In this case, the company has a challenge to look for other markets to enhance its growth. Therefore, it is recommendable for the company to enhance product development to remain competitive. The company should also exploit other emerging markets for sustainability. It will also be advisable for the company to engage in strategic alliances to increase its market share. In a broad perspective, Cisco Systems Inc should enhance its relationship with customers to know what they want in the market. This will enhance the company’s competitive advantage as time goes by. Reference list Bunnell, D., 2000. Making the Cisco Connection: The Story Behind the Real Internet Superpower. New York: Wiley. Cisco., 2010. Products and Services. Web. Moore, M, H., 1995. Creating Public Value: Strategic Management in Government. Cambridge: Harvard University Press. Paulson, E., 2001. Inside Cisco: The Real Story of Sustained MA Growth. New York: Wiley. Porter, M.E., 2008. The Five Competitive Forces That Shape Strategy. Harvard: Harvard business Review. Reichheld, F., 1996. The Loyalty Effect. Boston: Harvard Business School Press. Slater, R., 2003. The Eye of the Storm: How John Chambers Steered Cisco Through the Technology Collapse. New York: HarperCollins. Stauffer, D., 2001. Nothing but Net Business the Cisco Way. New York: Wiley. Soederbaum, P., 2008. Understanding Sustainability Economics. London: Earthscan. Traverso, D., 2000. Outsmarting Goliath. New York: Bloomberg Press. Waters, J. K., 2002. John Chambers and the Cisco Way: Navigating Through Volatility. New York: Wiley. Wright, R., 2004. A Short History of Progress. Toronto : Anansi. Young, J. S., 2001. Cisco Unauthorized: Inside the High-Stakes Race to Own the Future. New York: Prima Lifestyles.

Easy and Completely Edible Slime Recipe

Easy and Completely Edible Slime Recipe Most slime recipes are non-toxic, but there are only a few you can eat and none that taste as good as this one! Heres how to make edible slime. Edible Slime Ingredients 14 oz. can of  sweetened condensed milk1 tablespoon of cornstarchfood coloring (or you could add a little unsweetened powdered drink mix)couple of drops vanilla or other flavoring, if desired Make the Edible Slime In a saucepan over low heat, stir together the milk and cornstarch. Stir and heat until the mixture thickens. Remove from heat.Stir in the coloring and any flavorings. Allow the slime to cool.Enjoy! When you are finished playing with this slime, store it in a sealed plastic bag in the refrigerator. Refrigerated slime is good for a day or two. You can clean up the edible slime with warm soapy water. If you added food coloring or drink mix, keep the slime away from surfaces which could be colored, such as carpet or upholstery.

Problem Customers Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Problem Customers - Essay Example When we consider the above problem we can mention 7 types of problem resolution and recovery procedures. They can be termed as follows: 1. The problem resolution regarding the customers who claim services like electricity, telephone, internet and mobile phone services. 2. The problem resolution regarding the customers who buy goods on instalments and do not pay citing different reasons. 3. The problem resolution regarding the customers who bargain on price of the goods without compromising on quality 4. The problem resolution and recovery procedures for the customers who stop the payment of bills in post paid services due to unnecessary dissatisfaction. 5. The problem and resolution and recovery procedures for the customers who pay the deposit and use the services that cost more than the deposit without paying for the post paid service 6. The recovery procedures regarding the customers who do not handover the articles that are supplied for the utilisation of the company's service even after disconnection of the service 7. the problem resolution regarding the customers who value quality of service, goods and nice treatment from the sales persons. In dealing with the 1st type of customers they try to pay the bill a little bit late but want to avoid the penalty. If the late is understandable and not a loss to the company, the executive or a manager can take the decision of not imparting on him the penalty and it can be conveyed to the customers. This makes the problem customer who delays the payment but not fails, stick to the company. In dealing with the 2nd type of problem customers they delay the payment of instalment due to the dissatisfaction of the working of the instrument they buy on... Before talking about the three types of scenarios for three types of problem customers, let us talk about the problem customers who should be fired out of the marketing circle of the company. This is possible when the company is sure about the service offered by it is up to the point of maximum quality. They can rely on the point that the complaint of more than one customer only can be considered. If only one customer continues to complaint more than once and twice and if other customers are not facing the problems faced by this customer, it is fine for the company to fire him out. The reason behind is maintaining the customer is not cost effective for the company. 1 In dealing with the 1st type of customers they try to pay the bill a little bit late but want to avoid the penalty. If the late is understandable and not a loss to the company, the executive or a manager can take the decision of not imparting on him the penalty and it can be conveyed to the customers. This makes the problem customer who delays the payment but not fails, stick to the company. In dealing with the 2nd type of problem customers they delay the payment of instalment due to the dissatisfaction of the working of the instrument they buy on instalments.

Compare de Beauvoir's position with the position of either Mill or Essay

Compare de Beauvoir's position with the position of either Mill or Rawls - Essay Example For a utilitarian what is good is what gives pleasure, happiness, contentment or welfare. Utilitarianism contains a theory of good and a theory of right. It is characteristic of the utilitarian theory of right that rightness is derived from goodness. They base what is either good or right on human experience (Nabor-Nery, 2003). People tend to approve the things which bring about pleasure but disapprove which do not. Hobbes says that, a man fears depends on his individual character and upbringing page 2. For example if a person is comfortable with taking a bottle of wine they are happy and enjoy the pleasure that comes forth. Others hate taking whine therefore it will be obvious that they will disapprove that idea. They shall consider that as a wrong act to follow. Therefore, a person is free to do what they desire as long whatever they are doing gives them pleasure and are comfortable with it. Happiness will lead to calmness and a very stable community. When people are happy they are most likely to leave good lives which have no crime thus creating a society which can be confided in. For example, Hobbes tells us to seek peace and follow it in Page60. For the De Beauvoir position under freedom, the author argues that everyone has the ability to take note of them and choose what to do (Keltner, 2006). We are free, but our freedom is always enacted in a world. This limits the level of freedom as compared to Mills point of view. We have to follow the rules brought about by for example, the government. She also says that freedom is the universal absolute end. You are able to do what you desire to do. There seems to be a little contradiction of the ideas which are presented by Mill and De Beauvoir. Consequentiality theory For the Consequentialism theory Milldefines, it as those moral theories that hold a particular actions consequences usually form the basis of any valid moral judgment regarding that particular action. He argues that for whatever you do it is a must you pay for it. For example, when you steal something which is not yours you must suffer the consequences of that action which is not acceptable in the society. It also focuses on the outcomes of the actions, emphasizes on results instead of the types of acts involved. Before you do something you should be able to consider the consequences that follow the reaction. Mill insists that it is always fair for what to pay for your actions (Nabor-Nery, 2003). This will create a good society and will make everybody watch what they are doing for that fear. It will make people more organized and answerable in what they do. It also creates a stable government and reduces the problems and risks of political instability in the country. A person is always responsible for what they do. No one can pay for your mistakes. It is only you who will suffer for your own misconduct. De Beauvoir argues that the reaction of other people to another person based on the fact that you cannot help but be affected by those reactions, the author says that they are forced not to be satisfied by your actions (Keltner, 2006). She also argues that other people responses are positively necessary for one to keep on acting. For both authors, they contradict on ides as we have seen above. They all

The Great West and the Agricultural Revolution

The Great West and the Agricultural Revolution David Dominique

Examine the theme of Love Essay

Love. A word familiar to everyone. Love has the power to control ones mind and body. It sometimes provokes a good, healthy and passionate relationship or could be the vital ingredient that leads to obsession, possessiveness or even betrayal. Poetry is a powerful tool that many use to convey love’s true meaning. It is a unique and special way to help us understand love and what it really is. With clever and emotive wording, love can be experienced by anyone. Like love, poetry has many different forms and in this piece of coursework I shall explain each one and show how they can create different atmospheres. You will also realise that poets have certain styles and often one’s work can be spotted just through context. I will examine sonnets first. They are all fourteen lines and usually about an abstract subject. The lines are fairly long and don’t tell a story. Sonnets also have many different themes. There are two forms of sonnet, Petrarchan and Shakespearean. Petrarchan was a form named after a Roman poet called Petrarch. He divided his poems into eight lines and six lines. The eight lines are the same, like eight notes in music, these are called an octave. The following six are called a sestet. The octave will consist of one particular thought or idea. After these eight lines the writer changes the direction in the last six, the sestet. The turn in meaning is called a Volta. Shakespearean is the second form of sonnet. It is divided up differently into three sections of four lines called a quatrain. This leaves two lines at the end that rhyme, a rhyming couplet. ‘Shall I compare thee . . .’ (William Shakespeare) â€Å"Shall I compare thee . . .† is a sonnet written by William Shakespeare and has a very similar theme to many of his other sonnets. He portrays how cruel time can be. This poem allows Shakespeare’s love live forever, maybe not physically but mentally. His poem defeats the meaning of time by letting people have eternal life. The first two lines show Shakespeare comparing his loved one with a summers day. â€Å"Shall I compare thee to a Summers day? Thou art more lovely and more temperate:† Here he uses a summer’s day as something beautiful and questions the comparison between this and his loved one. He goes on to say she is more temperate. Shakespeare means that his loved one is not too much and avoids excess. â€Å"Rough windes do shake the darling buds of Maie, And Sommers lease hath all too short a date† These two lines display Shakespeare pointing out the disadvantages of summer. A strong wind can spoil the buds of May and summer doesn’t last long. â€Å"Sometime too hot the eye of heaven shines, And often is his gold complexion dim’d,† The sun can sometimes be too hot. The eye of heaven is not only used as a metaphor but also displays personification. The sun can be hidden away by the clouds whereas their love for one another will not let anything get in the way. Lines seven and eight how beauty is affected at certain times under certain circumstances. The beauty on the outside never lasts and will eventually fade either by age, chance or illness etc. â€Å"And every faire from faire some-times declines By chance, or natures changing course untrim’d† After these two lines Shakespeare conveys a picture of his love that has eternal beauty. â€Å"But thy eternall Sommer shall not fade, Nor loose possesion of that faire thou ow’st† Here it also describes the beauty she owns shall never fade like everyone else’s. â€Å"Nor’ Shall death brag wondr’st in his shade When in eternall lines to time thou grow’st† This is where the poem focuses on the everlasting nature of his poetry. Personification of death is used. Death cannot claim his love if these lines exist. â€Å"So long as men can breath or eyes can see, So long lives this, and this gives life to thee† The poem ends with this rhyming couplet which is seen in many of Shakespeare’s sonnets. Let Me Not (William Shakespeare) This sonnet by Shakespeare describes the nature of a lasting love between two people. He argues that true love denies any ‘impediments’ especially as it is a marriage of true minds. He also mentions that it cannot be altered. It does not ‘alter’ or ‘bend’. This sonnet reflects a theme similar to that of ‘Shall I compare thee†¦.’. Using love as a tool for immortality and eternal life. The theme of everlasting love develops further. Love is stronger than tempests and alters not even with the passage of time, which it describes as brief. The poem finishes with an emphatic couplet, which claims that if he is mistake then his poem was never written, and ‘no man ever loved’. A clever statement that displays his confidence in loves eternity. Porphyria’s Lover (Robert Browning) â€Å"Porphyria’s Lover† is one of the earliest and most shocking of Browning’s dramatic monologues. The poem is about an obsessed and possessive lover who lives in a cottage in the countryside. Realizing his love, Porphyria, will eventually give in to society’s constraints, he kills her. â€Å"Porphyria’s Lover† has an unusual structure. Not only does it lack the colloquiualisms of Browning’s other poems but takes the form of highly patterned verse which rhymes ABABB. This strange structure helps convey how tragic and dramatic the poem is. The poem is a dramatic monologue, a fictional speech presented as the thought of a speaker who is separate from the poet. It opens with a scene that brings fear, loneliness and emptiness to the heart of the reader. â€Å"The rain set early in tonight, The sullen wind was soon awake, It tore the elm-tops down for spite, And did its worse to vex the lake: I listened with heart fit to break.† These opening lines seem to set the scene almost instantly yet it is changed just as quickly. â€Å"When glided in Porphyria; straight She shut the cold out and the storm, And kneeled and made the cheerless grate Blaze up, and all the cottage warm: Which alone, she rose, and from her form.† From being so dark and desperate there is an immediate switch of feelings from the speaker and the atmosphere also reflects his emotions. Porphyria herself has the ability to bring happiness to her lover immediately, without breathing a word, the very presence of Porphyria fulfills her lover’s heart. Browning’s first few lines are like a roller coaster to the reader and this proves how dramatic monologue can convey love so clearly and dramatically. However, once Porphyria begins to take off her wet clothing, the poem leaps into the modern world. â€Å"Withdrew the dripping cloak and shawl., And laid her soiled gloves by, untied Her hat and let the damp hair fall, And, last, she sat down by my side And called me. When no voice replied, She put my arm about her waist, And made her smooth white shoulder bare, And all her yellow hair displaced.† These lines show Browning’s interest in the body and what pleasures it brings. Since Robert Browning lived in Victorian times he couldn’t question the morality of sex and violence. I think this is mainly he explores the subject of love and sex in his poems. In these lines it mentions Porphyria baring her shoulder and holding him. Porphyria is seen to be flirting with her lover yet it doesn’t give the impression that anything immoral is happening. As the poem continues, the lover grows more possessive over Porphyria. â€Å"Be sure I looked up at her eyes Happy and proud; at last I knew Porphyria worshipped me; surprise Made my heart swell, and still it grew While I debated what to do.† The speaker is realising Porphyria has just as much love for him and wants the moment to last forever. The next line portrays the lover’s possesiveness by using repetition of the word ‘mine’. â€Å"That moment she was mine, mine, fair;† The speaker then comes to terms with the fact his love, Porphria, will give in to pressures of society and decides to kill her. â€Å"In one long yellow I wound Three times her little finger throat around, And strangled her. No pain felt she;† The lover speaks as though he was giving something to Porphyria she wanted. He then goes on to prove himself innocent. He tried to bear no guilt for his actions and reassures himself. â€Å". . . . . . No pain felt she; I am quite sure she felt no pain.† Being afraid to open her eyes, he tries to recapture the moments they shared together. â€Å"As a shut bud that holds a bee, I warily opened her lids: again Laughed the blue eyes without a strain.† He then tried to convince himself that what he had done was what Porphyria wanted. â€Å"And all night long we have not stirred And yet God had not said a word!† The poem shows how possesive love can lead to the death of the person you love most. Can murder be justified to someone you love? Porphyria’s Lover shows how obsession with someone can sometimes result in death. My Last Duchess (Robert Browning) Another poem which is written in the form of dramatic monologue is â€Å"My Last Duchess†. The duke is the speaker of the poem and is negotiating his marriage with an ambassador. As he shows his visitor around his palace, he stops before a picture of his last duchess. He explains how lovely she was. However he also describes her bad behaviour and how she didn’t appreciate his name. As the dramatic monologue continues it becomes apparent that the Duke was the cause of her early death when he couldn’t tolerate her behaviour any longer. The Duke then returns to the subject of the marriage. As the duke and the ambassador depart from the painting, the Duke points out more pieces of art in his collection. â€Å"My Last Duchess† is structured around rhyming pentameter lines. The lines do not use full stops. They are sentences which don’t conclude at the end of a line and this gives the impression that the rhymes is not complete. The personality of the Duke makes horrifying information seem quite fine. The poem is a good example of dramatic monologue as the speaker is clearly distinct from the poet and the real character of the Duke is the aim of the poem. This poem also makes the readers become part of poem as we only hear it through the Duke’s own thought and so we must put the story together ourselves. Ballad (Anon) This poem reveals the tale of a dishonest lover. The poem is by an unknown author. It was passed down through oral tradition. This ballad is told by a girl, who at the start of the poem is an innocent maiden with no experience too the opposite sex. However, her innocence is lost to a shepherd and she becomes pregnant. She doesn’t profit from being resentful to the shepherd who no longer takes interest in the girl. It’s clear to see the shepherd is experienced in love and the poem describes him as faithless. When he finds out the girl is pregnant, he deserts her at a time when she needs him most. Throughout the poem we can see contrasts of a love affair and its aftermath. It uses summer as the love affair and winter when the affair is over. The maiden is deeply distressed and contemplates taking her and her child’s life. She can’t reason the situation she has been placed in. The poem is flooded with mixed emotions that show anger, resentment and dishonesty.