The Ethics of Cloning free essay sample

A study of the ethical and potentially profitable issues surrounding mammalian cloning. The paper discusses the two topics of debate which have sprung up since mammalian cloning made headlines whether cloning is ethically correct, and whether it can become a profitable business. The paper shows how the two sets of questions have in the intervening five years become more and more tightly bound together, especially as the process of mammalian cloning has proved to be more technically difficult than once assumed. Faced with scores of maimed and partial individuals preceding each healthy clone, many scientists and many of those outside the scientific community have spent a great deal of time wondering whether it is ethical to go forward with such research, aside from the practical questions of whether cloning could ever become economically viable. Even those who wholeheartedly support cloning are in general morally opposed to the cloning of entire human individuals. We will write a custom essay sample on The Ethics of Cloning or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Such an action is seen to violate some of our most deeply held beliefs about the sacredness and uniqueness of the individual. As a result, most cloning research today is focused on creating and then harvesting stem cells that might then be induced to grow into what are essentially spare parts. Thus a person who is blind might have new corneas grown for him while the diabetic might have a new pancreas grown for her.

buy custom Soldiers Deployed in Iraq essay

buy custom Soldiers Deployed in Iraq essay The Posttraumatic Stress Disorders among the Soldiers Deployed to Iraq According to the studies conducted on the recently returned service members, it is estimated that the rate of the posttraumatic stress disorders among the United States Iraq War soldiers exceeds 12 percent. It is also estimated that 16 percent of these soldiers examined one year after their return from war face the posttraumatic stress disorders. Also, the recent study of the combined US service done on its members that were deployed to Iraq revealed an estimate of around 14 percent of the soldiers facing the PTSD, with fresh cases exceeding the 7 percent mark among the combat-exposed personnel, which is also consistent with the previously indicated outcomes from the past wars. The key attributes of the deployment factors that are associated with PTSD are combat duties, noncombat deployment stressors, and the war threat appraisals. This study was carried out due to the concerns of the increased cases of PTSD cases as a result of the combat activities. The understanding of the PTSD symptoms connected to the subsequent stressors caused by deployment is of much importance to the service members, particularly in the context of repeated wars. The occurrence of such PTSD symptoms, especially in the first-time war deployments, is of considerable concern. The careful study of these symptoms and the stressors may help in coming up with a more scientific way of curbing these cases. Thus, the primary aim of this research was: a) to establish whether PTSD symptom levels have changed due to the effect of deploying the soldiers to Iraq war, and b) to come up with well examined associations on the pre-existing PTSD symptoms and the deployment-related stressors following the pre and postdeployment of the soldiers into the war front. This research procedure is based on sample experiments done on the participants. The targeted population for this study was male and female US Army soldiers who served in the Iraq war from April 2003 up to September 2006. This study involved the deployed and the non-deployed to Iraq soldiers across the two sessions, namely Time 1 and Time 2. The participants were then categorized as either deploys or non-deploys for Time 2 due to their deployment status on Times 1 and 2. The units which were not deployed were assessed at close time intervals to their deploying units. At the Time 1 sample group, the participants, regardless of the future outcomes, were functioning under the increased demands that were secondary to the anticipated deployment, because of the looming intensive desert training that they were to go through and also because of the idea of temporary geographic relocation and the separation they were to get from their families and friends (Vasterling et al., 2010, p. 42). The measures used in the study were interviews and also the written surveys, which were verified by the service records. The stress exposures and PTSD symptoms were investigated through the use of questionnaires. The written surveys were only conducted among the small groups during the military installations as the principal study that indeed targeted the neuron-cognitive functioning. It was found out that Time 2 participants did not differ much from the Time 2 non-participants that were from the ethnic minority or had the marital status. Other measures used in tabulating the results were the use of PTSD screening casernes, the prior stressful life events, the use of some medications that are prescribed as psychoactive, and also the existence of psychiatric/alcohol disorders. The participants of Time 1 sample were kind of not well represented on the side of women and commissioned officers. The results showed that the deployed and the non-deployed participants of sample Time 1 did not differ much on the baseline variables, but the deploys served longer periods in the Army, and thus, were slightly older than the non-deploys. On the other hand, the results obtained from sample Time 2 on the deployed soldiers indicated higher levels of PTSD as compared to the non-deployed soldiers. The main reason of this disorder is continuous participation in the war-front, especially if the soldiers were receiving hostile fire and had concerns about homes and their families. In conclusion, the prospective study found out that military deployment to the Iraq War is associated with the pre- and post-deployment and is causing increased cases of post-traumatic Stress Disorders, even after the US government adjusted the baseline levels of PTSD symptoms. Non-deployed soldiers, however, failed to show any symptoms of PTSD increases, thus suggesting that the pre-deployment and the post-deployment increases could not be only attributed to some nonspecific factors that are inherent in the military life. The findings also provide the strong evidence that deployment of the soldiers to the contemporary war zones results in the adverse health issues, and these consequences cannot be explained well through looking at the preexisting symptoms. The Ethno-Racial Variations in Acute PTSD Symptoms Before the research was conducted, the prior investigations have reported cases of increased risks of the posttraumatic stress disorders (PTSD) in the ethno-racial minority populations that have been recently associated with exposure to trauma, lack of access, and also engagement in the mental health treatment procedures, the medical morbidities, among other factors. The various factors related to the ethno racial minority status are being explored to shed light on the differential effects it has on the Post trauma stress disorders. The main affected population here is the African American one, with higher occurrence of the depression disorders, with double likelihood of the violence exposure, and also the higher rates of assault cases being reported as compared to their white counterparts. The US Department of Justice, under the Bureau of Statistics, did some research on the most common cases of misdiagnosis and the under-diagnosis of the mental health disorders and did found out th at the African Americans were the ones that were most affected. The American Indians, on the other hand, had higher cases of trauma exposure as compared to the national samples, as they tend to experience and witness more accidents and violence cases. The substantial percentage of the survivors who are admitted to the United States hospitals due to the injuries is the ethno-racial diverse patients. Exposure to the traumas that are coupled with many physical injuries leads to the increased risks of the development of post-trauma stress disorders (PTSD). According to the Centre of Disease Control (CDC) report of 2009, 29.5 million cases of emergency visits were recorded with primary injury diagnosis, while 1.9 million cases had resulted into inpatient admissions. The greater levels of post-traumatic emotional distress, also including the PTSD symptoms, have been linked to increasing risk factors of a person developing the PTSD after the injuries. More hypothesized investigations show that the African American, the Asians, the American Indians, and the Latinos who are victims of injuries report the higher levels of the acute PTSD symptoms as compared to their white counterparts. So as to investigate this idea, some regression studies were conducted to assess the independent associations between the ethno-racial minority status and the acute PTSD symptoms through doing some adjustments on the relevant injury, clinical as well as demographic characteristics, which included the pre-injury trauma theory. The methodology used in this research procedure was choosing the participants who could speak English and also survivors of accidents or various violence-related injuries. The sample population was also above 18 years and lived within some 50 to 100 miles from the trauma centre. There were 9409 injured patients that were admitted to the Harborview Trauma Center at the time of research. 8454 people out of this figure were not approached in the survey, since they lived far than the stipulated distance or they were discharged from the centre before the approach, etc. The measures used in this research included the checking of posttraumatic symptoms using the Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Checklists. Another measure used was classifying the participants according to the ethno-racial groups, whereby the participants were asked to report their views according to their ethical identification. The last measure used in the study was the posttraumatic stress predictors, in which the participants were requested during the interview to designate their education years and household incomes on the various ranging scales provided. The results ended up showing that the African American and the American Indian patients were less educated than the whites, and also the African Americans had the higher percentage of the uninsured status. Asian patients were reported to have higher household incomes, while a bigger percentage of old patients was recorded among the white patients. It was also the African Americans and the American Indians who recorded higher levels of some previously established risk factors that cause PTSD. From these established results, it can be concluded that the investigation did explore the ethno-racial variations of the acute PTSD symptoms and more relational characteristics of large injury survivors analyzed in the single US trauma centre. These analyses were done through the use of SPSS 16.0 by comparing the clinical and the demographic characters of the patients who were sampled. The regression analyses were finally done to assess the independent association of ethno-racial heritage and the acute PTSD symptoms through adjusting other injury, clinical, and also demographic characteristics. In conclusion, the research has identified that racial variations indeed lead to the high levels of reported Posttrauma StressDisorder factors in the US. This is evident since the research found out that the African American survivors of trauma were the ones who showed the highest level of acute PTSD symptoms. After the accounting of various PTSD-related cases, it was also reported that the American Indians were the ones with highest burdens of the cumulative past trauma. The ethno-racial minority injury survivors also recorded more positive alcohol and drug toxic screens on their admissions to the hospitals as compared to the whites, hence coming to a conclusion that ethno-racial variations contribute to the PTSD. Trauma Exposure and PTSD Symptoms among Homeless Mothers: Predicting Coping and Mental Health Outcomes The study was done on seventy homeless mothers, who gave information about the traumas they had gone through and who were examined for the signs of posttraumatic stress. The study was undertaken 15 months after the events had taken place. High levels of PTSD were observed in this sample. PTSD is a key potential consequence of the exposure to trauma. Its symptoms may also lead to increase of comorbid mental fitness conditions. Since not all people who have faced trauma develop negative outcomes, there is increased interest in this area as researchers try to find out factors that can protect individuals who face trauma from this disorder. To some extent, exposure to trauma and PTSD depend on how the individual copes with stress that occurs later in life, as this relates to mental health in the future. Although previous study shows that facing life stress increases coping behavior, some types of coping generally lead to significant adjustments. On the other hand, avoidant methods of coping with trauma such as drug abuse and denial lead to individual being more depressed and to higher levels of PTSD symptoms. Researchers have proposed that previous trauma history and PTSD symptoms may affect the manner in which one copes with stressful experience later in life. Empirical evidence shows that individuals who faced previous trauma are less adaptive to highly stressful situations in future than those who did not have trauma experiences in the past. Research also shows that women who are homeless report more psychological distress than their low-income housed counterparts as[E1] a result of victimization from the society and other stressful issues in life. This study investigated the potential relationship between previous trauma and PTSD symptoms process of coping in response to other causes of stress later in life, and subsequent results in a group of seventy homeless mothers. The researchers hypothesized that homeless mothers who experienced life time traumas and showed a lot of PTSD symptomatology at baseline are likely to show worse adjustment at 15 months. Moreover, they hypothesized that previous trauma exposure relationship with PTSD symptomatology and the later adjustments can be mediated using avoidant and active coping. The data used was collected using Connecticut Homeless Families Program. The data used for this investigation was from 12 sites, which included programs giving shelters to the homeless. The participants in the program were recruited through street outreach, program that provided shelter to the homeless, and drop-in-centers. The program referred the study participants to the research team. The research staff then screened the study referrals. The participants were selected according to the following characteristics: (1) Currently without homes; (2) Had a child aged less than 16 years and parental rights of that child; (3) Had substance use disorder history in the past year. Structured research interviews were conducted by interviewers from Connecticut Department of Mental Health and Addiction Services Research Division, who had been trained to collect data. Initial interviews were face to face, and follow ups were conducted after every three months until 15 months, most of which were face to face and sometimes through telephone when there were geographical difficulties. Each participant was paid for each completed interview and for keeping their first schedule appointments. Each participant was required to complete a contract during the baseline interview to facilitate follow-up. These contracts were regularly checked. Data included demographics, current trauma symptoms, and trauma history. Measures taken during the study included: 1. Prior trauma and posttraumatic stress symptoms; 2. Most stressful event; 3. Psychological symptoms. Results confirmed that participants had experienced high levels of trauma in their lifetime. 93% reported having undergone at least one traumatic event in their lifetime, while 73% endorsed multiple traumatic events in their lives. From the results, an intercorrelation between the study variables and meditational analysis was drawn. The results confirmed that the homeless mothers faced high levels of trauma in their lifetime (93% reported). Most of them experienced multiple traumas. Being homeless was one of the stressing factors for over one third of them. This supports Goodman et al. (1991) view that being homeless can be traumatizing. Relationship between various variables showed that the number of previous traumas is related to PTSD symptom severity. The study supports the researchers hypothesis that prior trauma and PTSD symptomatology affect subsequent general adjustments to stressors. From the study, it appeared that some of the harmful impacts of trauma exposure and distress are mediated via avoidant coping and not diminished approach coping. No relationship was observed between trauma experienced previously and active coping. The results are consistent with others done on previous studies, such as those of sexual assault victims. Researchers faced limitations such as: 1. Limited sample size; 2. Potential method bias (mostly due to the fact that the sample was drawn from those women who were receiving services or who were connected with the shelter system); 3. Ability to determine the causal relationship was limited by the correlation nature of the study; 4. The nature of most of the stressors reported by the participants did not correspond with the criterion of traumatic events. The study supports the need to consider the effects of trauma when designing interventions to enhance the outcomes for this vulnerable group. This study encourages future studies on testing the mechanisms through which trauma history and previous PTSD symptoms may affect psychological adjustment in the future within the less privileged populations. This would be beneficial in comprehending the complex relationship between these factors. How Type of Treatment and Presence of PTSD affect Employment, Self-regulation, and Abstinence This study was conducted to investigate the effects of substance use, self-regulation, and unemployment on people with and those without PTSD who had moved to the community from substance use treatment centers. The participants who had been recruited from substance abuse treatment centers (150 and 32 of them) had been diagnosed with lifetime PTSD. In the second year of follow up, individuals with PTSD in the normal after care condition illustrated significant lower levels of self-regulation as compared to the ones in the Oxford House condition having or not having PTSD. These results emphasize the need of settings that support abstinence after substance use treatment, especially for those people with PTSD. According to Najavits (2009), Posttraumatic stress disorder is associated with the increased use of substances. Previous studies have shown that poor substance outcome leads to PTSD and high psychiatric distress related to comorbid disorders. Theorists claim that substance use by individuals is a coping technique for depressed people. Patients diagnosed with PTSD, according to the report, were more likely to be affected by depression levels as opposed to individuals without PTSD. PTSD is characterized by intense feelings of anxiety and fear, which may make victims to withdraw from the society and circumstances that may depress them. Impairments of self-regulation character are also a major symptom of PTSD. This results in a decline in persons capacity to logically control responses to priorities, aims, and environmental requirements. And this leads to severe emotional distress, phases of dissociation, lack of faith in relationships as well as loss of meaning of life. The cognitive structures of these exposed individuals become impaired over time, since their bodies have experienced a lot of stress; hence, they become too dependent on substances. These structures are responsible for running emotional responses. Reticence o f cognitive regulation processes may influence how individuals make decisions and their impulse control, which also results into substance abuse. On the other hand, individuals who have high self-control have less problems of impulse related character. High self-control is also related to improved psychological adjustment. Employment also positively affects individuals with PTSD and S.U.Ds. Work appeared to be a satisfying and meaninngful method to broad the economic and social networks for individuals suffering from psychological disorders. However, despite the economic and mental merits that are associated with being employed, it is difficult to find a job when one is having PTSD. Having PTSD status significantly reduces the chances of employment. Oxford House is one of the settings that increases abstinence levels and promotes employment. In Oxford House, residents learn behavior and skills that will let them get back to normal, independent settings after sustaining abstinence. Members of the Oxford House also attend programs that help them abstain. This house has shown both effectiveness and practicability of self sustaining recovery environments. When individuals in Oxford House condition were compared with the ones that underwent usual after care, the ones in Oxford House showed lower levels of substance use. This study used two treatment groups, i.e. usual aftercare versus Oxford House, to analyze participants based on their self-control scores, substance use, and levels of unemployment. The researcher hypothesized that those individuals with posttraumatic disorder who were members of usual aftercare programs would experience the worst outcomes of substance use coupled with higher unemployment levels as well as lower self-control scores compared to those individuals who were not diagnosed with this disorder in this kind of aftercare program and those who were enrolled in Oxford House. The researchers also suggested that the ones with PTSD in the Oxford House are likely to show similar outcomes of substance use, employment, and self control levels to the ones without the disorder in this institution. Data was collected in a span of four years (from 2002 till 2005). There were 150 participants who were recruited. These participants were selected from residential treatment centers of substance abuse located in the northern regions of Illinois. The participants of the study were approached at the treatment centers, where discussions with participants were held and the written consents were obtained after the discussion. Each participant was given incentives for baseline participation and an equal amount on each subsequent interview. Chi square and independent sample t-tests were used; they indicated no key differences between situations on socio-demographic variables. Measures undertaken in the study included: 1. Diagnostic Interview Schedule-IV (D.I.S-IV); 2. Self-Regulation; 3. Addiction Severity Index (ASI). To test the studys hypotheses, the researchers examined the variations in self-regulation, levels of unemployment and substance use effects among individuals with and without PTSD. These individuals were either assigned to the Oxford House or to the usual aftercare conditions. This study found that there was a key distinction in self control scores among the four groups. The PTSD group in the usual aftercare condition had the least self-regulation levels as compared to the two Oxford House groups. The findings of this study imply that settings that support abstinence are important for the individuals with PTSD. It is argued that stability and responsibilities associated with Oxford House help people control emotions and behavior. From this study, Oxford House is an appropriate environment for individuals in recovery from substance abuse as well as those with comorbid PTSD and SUD. The study had a limited sample; therefore, the researchers suggest that future study should include larger groups. Future studies should also try to assess other variables such as mental health treatment that is carried out after discharge from substance abuse treatment settings. Considering PTSD from the Perspective of Brain Processes: A Psychological Construction Approach Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) refers to a complex psychiatric disorder where symptoms from various domains are experienced, and they appear to be a consequence of a combination of several mechanisms. Although legitimacy of PTSD as a key diagnosis has been confirmed and has led to a lot of critical insights into how this disorder works, there is a lot of controversy that remains. The key unresolved issue is the core features of this disorder. This disorder is currently classified as an anxiety disorder by DSM. In both human and animal PTSD neuroscience models, the common hypothesis is that the amygdale (a significant fear circuitry factor) is hyperactive to incoming stimulus, and this hyperactivity is said to lead to fearful responses coming from a constant interruption in homeostasis. Both Etkin and Wager noted that fear may be a feature of specific phobias and social anxiety disorder associated with a wider range of emotion regulation dysfunction. The aim in this study is to investigate if dysregulated fear is the most beneficial and productive approach to deducing the existing brain proof in psychological terms. The questions raised are whether PTSD is a Fear-Based Disorder and whether amygdala is specific to the emotion fear in PTSD. Amygdala is generally broadly accepted as a part of the brain that is extremely crucial in establishing fear. Fear, in animal research, is defined as the behavioral adaptation that makes animals and man sense threats and responds to them promptly (LeDoux, 2008). Behavioral adaptations can be inherited as well as actions performed by a creature in order to survive. Past studies have confirmed that amygdala has a vital role in various behavioral adaptations that organisms use to respond to a threat. Previous studies show that the amygdala is not constantly activated at the time of fearful experiences at a rate greater than the one expected by chance. Even though a rise in amygdale activation was constantly observed in other emotional experiences like sadness and anger, the studies of fear experience did not constantly report a rise in amygdala response. The opinion of fear was constantly associated with a rise in amygdala activation, although this is not proof that the amygdala is a requirement for the sensitivity of fear. Hyper responsiveness in the amygdala is a fundamental feature of PTSD, although this does not imply that PTSD has an anomaly in fear. Does the Prefrontal Cortex Inhibit a Subcortical Fear Circuit? One factor in the hyperreactive, under regulated fear hypothesis is that PTSD signs arise from lowered regulation capability associated with hyperesponsivity of paralimbic cortical regions, such as the ventromedial prefrontal cortex in the medial orbitofrontal cortex, and immediately posteriorly, the subgenual anterior cingulate cortex. The fact that the cortex restrains subcortical regions is frequently taken as a proof that more evolutionarily recent cognitive parts of the brain control the more ancient emotional parts, and any disruption of this control leads to psychopathology such as observed in PTSD. Mammalian nervous systems share the same basic architecture in which the cortex modulates subcortical target regions. This is achieved by a complex set of cascading projections. These projections either excite or subdue subcortical activity. These multiple descending pathways from cortical areas to subcortical autonomic regions in the hypothalamus, periaqueductal gray, and brainstem produce a complex pattern of autonomic regulation that results into the counterintuitive hypothesis that in PTSD, the cortex might be selectively enhancing automatic reactivity. This article aims to bring in the psychological construction approach as a method of understanding the brain basis of PTSD and at the same time give new interpretations and insights for research in the future. Even though this approach is not common in psychology, it is consistent with a lot of unified approaches that try to find out biological and psychological processes that are common to several forms of psychopathology. This approach also corresponds to the present neurotransmitter models of anxiety, which show that various neurotransmitters and receptors provide multiple and frequently contrasting functions in the modulation of nervous states, depending on the exact cerebral circuits they interact. When combined with trans-diagnostic approaches to mental illness, this approach perspective assists in recognizing the present psychiatric diagnostic areas, such as other complex psychological areas like e.g. emotions, which are heterogeneous, and also the results of more general causes that may lead to other mental disorders. In addition, psychological construction approach can help explain the rising realization that psychiatric groups, just like other complex psychological category, are not natural types. Psychological construction offers a different approach to description and causes of PTSD and also suggests significant results of neuroimaging studies of PTSD. Previous approaches to understanding the brain basis of psychopathology have been typically focused on finding out the neural basis of a particular process by use of a specific task to isolate that process. There has been an increased recognition over the past few years that ful understanding of the neural networks and interactions among these vital networks that produce a mental state also requires examining data across multiple tasks. The researchers suggest that comparing PTSD to other disorders will prevent researchers from making declarations about the specificity of regions in the brain or PTSD networks that are also visible in other disorders. Buy custom Soldiers Deployed in Iraq essay

Applications Of Holographic Memory Computer Science Essay

Applications Of Holographic Memory Computer Science Essay From the beginning generation of computer, speed of the processors has been increasing tremendously approximately twice the capacity for every 3 years. Today, we can access large amount of data with in few seconds using CPU and data storage. While the computer evolves many applications for large binary files like sound or image data for high capacity storage and data access. But, there is no high capacity form of data storage to handle these large files quickly and efficiently. So, Holographic memory is a hopeful technology in the next generation over conventional storage system because it is a three-dimensional data storage system that can store information at high density inside the crystal or photopolymer which has a capacity to Storage system, the data of entire page can be accessed at a time instead of sequential method and there are very few moving parts so the limitations of the mechanical motion can be minimized. To trace interference patterns it uses a photosensitive materi al of a reference beam and a signal beam of coherent light, while the signal beam is reflected off and an object or which contains information in the variety of light and dark areas. The natural history of the photosensitive material is to record the interference pattern which reproduce a beam of light to the material which matches to the reference beam. The resultant light that is transmitted through the medium will take on the recorded interference pattern and will be collected on a laser detector array that encompasses the entire surface of the holographic medium. Lots of holograms are recorded in the similar space by changing the wavelength of the incident light or angle. The whole page of data can be accessed in this way. Hence holographic storage system has the potential to became the next storage generation over conventional storage 2. Definition of Holographic Memory It is a storage device which records binary information into one of holograms, then produces (as interfering patterns) on photographic or photo chromic media by the way of laser beams, which can be read by low-power laser beams. It is a technique that can store information at high density inside the crystals or photopolymers. The main advantage of a hologram is that which has an image to be dispersed over the recording surface. So, there is no chance of dust or scratches that totally obscures information though they may deduce the contrast. There are many attempts done on many projects to apply this technology but none of them been commercially successful. 3. What is HVD? HVD known as Holographic Versatile Disc which is an optical technology still in the development stage which holds up to 4 terabyte of information. It has an technique called as collinear holography, which contains two lasers, first red laser and another is known as blue-green laser which collimated in a single beam. The second laser i.e. blue-green laser reads the data programmed as on laser interference outer reaches fro m a holographic layer near to the top of the disc where the reference beam uses the red laser and to study the information of servo from a usual CD-style aluminium layer close to the bottom.

Exams questions answer Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Exams questions answer - Assignment Example PEST is one of such mechanism that is used for the analysis of the macro environmental factors. Apart from this the internal analysis of the industry is also important to understand the profitability of the industry and factors impacting it (Graham, 2008). The study also focuses on Porter’s Five Forces analysis of the luxury car market of India. PEST Analysis PEST focuses on four important environmental factors that are to be scanned like political, economic, social and environmental. Each of these parameters are defined via this analysis and it influences the scope and activity of the organization. By having a broad view related to the categories that are studied under PEST the managers will be able to bring out innovative ideas and frame strategies that can fit into the situation most appropriately (Reddi, 2013; Solomon, Marshall and Stuart, 2009). Political The political factors signify the government rules and regulations that are framed and the company needs to work under that rules (Waters, 2006). The Indian automobile industry has been under the strict rules of the Indian government. In 1940 the assembly plant opened by the foreign manufacturers had been closed by the Indian government for not manufacturing car in India. The government even framed regulations regarding what type of car the manufacturers should design to protect themselves from the competition. During the period of 1950s and 1960s the industries along with the support from the government made significant effort towards the manufacturing the components to be supplied to the auto manufacturers. However, owning a car was considered luxury due to the restrictions from the government over granting licence and restricting both production and import that hampered the growth of the industry. The industry at that point of time was facing high sales tax, excise duties and custom duties on imports. In 1980s government policies and regulations were liberalised and further liberalization occurr ed in 1990s that allowed cars to be manufactured without licence but import restrictions remained intact. In the year 2002 new policy reforms were announced, which allowed 100% FDI in the automobile sector. In 2007 the sector emerged as a buoyant industry (Parmar and Thadamalla, 2008). Economic Until early 1980s the growth of the automobile sector was restricted. After that liberalization was initiated by the government. In 1990s economic liberalization took place that initiated growth in the sector. After the liberalization many players entered the Indian automobile market like Honda, Daewoo, Volkswagen, Toyota, Hyundai etc. Apart from the government regulations, availability of retail finance and low interest rate were the major reasons that lead to the development of the automobile industry. During the period of 2001-2006 the Indian automobile sector has shown a growth at CAGR of 18%. In 2006-07 India was at the fifth position in production of commercial vehicles. During the same period the production of passenger

Building Information Modeling (BIM) Research Paper

Building Information Modeling (BIM) - Research Paper Example Created models (BIMs), are usually files, which can be either networked or exchanged by professionals, with the aim of enhancing decision-making processes. These files are not necessarily in proprietary formats, nor do they contain proprietary data, but are visual representations of developed ideals and conceptions of a given place. Thus, utility is wide-ranging, from individuals and firm-entities, to government agencies; BIM softwares are vital in the planning, design, construction, and the eventual operation and maintenance of varying infrastructure. Essentially, it has and continues being utilized in diverse infrastructure such as roads, ports, bridges, communication utilities, waste disposal facilities to housing, warehouses and prison construction amongst others (American Institute of Architects, 2006). Historically, the BIM concept traces its roots to the 1970s with the first mentioning being in a 1992 paper by Tolman F. P and G. A. van Nederveen. The eventual popular use of the concept was only realized after the release of a white paper by Autodesk, entitled – Building Information Modeling. Afterwards, it was through Laiserin’s aid, which helped standardize and popularize the term; with regard to facilitating both the inter-operability and exchange of digitized data formats. As a digital representation of contemporary building processes, it was akin to: - the Integrated Project Models of Bentley Systems; Vectorworks/ Autodesk’s BIM, or Graphisoft’s Virtual Building concepts. Definitions do vary, with the National Building Information Model Standard Project Committee (NBIMSPC) providing the best description. Pertinently, BIM regards a representation, digitally formatted; of the functional and physical characteristics of a given utility space or place. As a concept, it pertains to the collective knowledge source of specific information/data about an existing facility. It further provides a reliable basis on which decisions are

Reggae Music and Its Influences Essay Example for Free

Reggae Music and Its Influences Essay One of the world’s iconic figures, Reggae musician Bob Marley(1945-1981) stated that, â€Å"People want to listen to a message, word from Jah(God). This could be passed through me or anybody, I am not a leader, messenger. The word of the songs, not the person, is what attracts people.† Reggae music is gifted to people in Jamaica as their own unique identity. Jamaican musicians are well-known for expressing their Rastafarian beliefs through the music, Reggae. Rastafarian reflects ideologies, attitudes, actions of the people for the better society (Spiker,1998). At this point, they became social commentators, prophets, and messengers who heal the wounds of people affected by social and political injustices (Aimers, 2004).This essay illustrates that reggae music has been successful spreading Rastafarian beliefs in politics, social injustices and cultures. Firstly, Jamaican musicians play essential roles to give the political messages to people based on their Rastafarian beliefs. The political messages shared through the Reggae music are those of peace, love, and brotherhood of mankind for forming a unity to fight for the liberty of people in Jamaica. Musicians gave the message by setting several goals based on general popular interest of the population against any oppression and encouraged people to speak-up. For instance, Bob Marley(1945-1981); the predominant singer strived to bring the awareness for not only in the hearts of Jamaicans, but also in those of Africans and the rest of the world (Abram Ingrid, 2009). One of his popular songs, â€Å"Get up, and Stand up for your rights† not only defended his religious beliefs but also pointed at political oppression and natural rights of people (Lockard, n.d). Following lyrics is from the song by Bob Marley (1973): We sick an’ tired of-a-your ism-skism-game Dying ‘n’ goin’ to heaven in-a Jesus’ name, Lord. We know when we understand: Almighty god is a living man. You can fool some people sometimes, But you can fool all the people all the time. So now we see the light (What you gonna do?) We gonna stand up for our rights! (Bob Marley Lyrics) Thus, one can conclude that reggae and its musicians are influential as a medium for spreading political messages to enlighten the darkness of people’s mind and brain.   Secondly, People all around the world heard the voice of Rastafarian beliefs against social injustices through the reggae music and by its talented musicians. Their songs’ lyrics were mightier than swords to reveal such issues as racism, colonialism, slavery, and exploitation on colored people in Africa. Rastafarians are attached to the ideas of equality, tolerance, justice, and non-violence. In addition, it is a theology of submissiveness and every Rasta has a right to freedom of expression (Abram Ingrid, 2009). Particularly, slavery had affected most of Africans’ lives badly for being taken away from one own society and family which could have damaged them physically and psychologically by segregations and hard labors (Novick, n.d). For example, Reggae musician, Peter Tosh(1944-1987)’s famous song â€Å"Mama Africa†(1983)indicated the life of an African slave missing home: Mama Africa How are you doing Mama, Mama Africa Long time me no see you Mama They took me away from you Mama Long before I was born They took me away from you Mama Long before I came on in(Peter Tosh Lyrics) Hence, the reggae music and its musicians had not only led people in Jamaica for Rastafarian beliefs and for fighting against the social injustices but also Africans as a whole for the better survival. Lastly, the Rastafari influence also had contributed to the cultural significance of reggae music and culture of people; it was a symbol for both identity and pride among the Jamaicans. It has also created an understanding of lifestyle and culture in Jamaica for the rest of the world (Aimers, 2004). The reggae music and Rastafarian complemented one another to occupy people’s state of mind to think of it as a part of the Jamaican lifestyle, needless to mention that it has become a tradition and culture for them. In spite of all the difficulties and hardships which came upon people in Jamaica, they had been recognized internationally for their predominant reggae music all over the world. The culture of reggae along with Rastafarian symbols was being introduced to many countries. Reggae musicians’ hair-styles, clothing and accessories which mirror the Rastafari are being imitated by some devoted fans. For example, Thailand’s Khao-San road is full of Rastafarian symbols and its trendy musician, Bob Marley printed-items from head to toe. Therefore, Reggae music and its Rastafarian symbols have enormously impacted on cultures of many different countries, originated from Jamaica. In conclusion, there are many studies which has discussed about the importance of reggae music spreading Rastafarian beliefs and symbols throughout the world. Reggae music has been positively influential to the society by means of political, social, and cultural impacts. In addition, it has not only brought the liberty to people in Jamaica but also mother Africa. Therefore, it is remarkable peak in history that peaceful and non-violent music won over the aggressive wars, fights, and any kind of violence. In fact, peaceful as well as meaningful song lyrics are mightier than sharp and shining swords. References; Aimers, J. (2004). â€Å"The Cultural Significance of Reggae.† ATH175 People of the world. Retrieved from; http://www.units.muohio.edu/ath175/student/petersle/culture.html Abram, V. Ingrid, H. (October, 2009). â€Å"The Rastafarian Movement.† The Observatory for Religious Phenomena (World Religion Watch). Retrieved from http://www.worldreligionwatch.org/index.php?option=com_contentview=articleid=281Itemid=65 Lockard, Craig A. (June, 2010). â€Å"Bob Marley, Victor Jara, Fela Kuti, and Political Popular Music.†University of Illinois. Retrieved from; http://worldhistoryconnected.press.illinois.edu/7.2/lockard.html Novixk, S. (n.d). â€Å"The Effects of Slavery on Reggae Music.† The Dread Library. Retrieved from; http://debate.uvm.edu/dreadlibrary/novick.html Spiker, C. (April 1998). â€Å"Reggae As Social Change:The Spread of Rastafarianism.† The Dread Library. Retrieved from; http://debate.uvm.edu/dreadlibrary/spiker.html

Goodman vs Robin Essay -- Essays Papers

Goodman vs Robin Short stories, when written by the same author, vary by subject but sometimes contain similar themes. Nathaniel Hawthorne was an entertaining writer who wrote many such stories. Two among his works have some striking similarities. â€Å"Young Goodman Brown† and â€Å"My Kinsman, Major Molineux† both were written within three years of each other by Hawthorne (1832-1835). The biggest similarities between the stories were with the main character of each. Robin from â€Å"My Kinsman, Major Molineux† and Brown from â€Å"Young Goodman Brown† were both young men on a journey that took them through a single night. Both men held some innocent or naà ¯ve worldviews. Both had idealistic views of people that were proven to be untrue. Both men experienced events that should be perceived as symbolic. However, each man met a different fate. Both Robin and Brown took journeys that changed their lives forever. Both of these journeys took place mostly under the cover of darkness. That was symbolic of the naivetà © of both men. Both men met a series of people on their journey that turned up later in a different light. Robin met a large man in an inn. When he later saw him again, he saw the man as man with a two-toned black and red face. The change was only a symbolic one that reflected Robin’s view of the evil of the man. Brown experienced something similar with the character Goody Cloyse, who he thought a devote Christian. Later, he saw her on the road chatting with the ...

Evangelism Paper Essay

Over the last few months one has to mention an undeniable fact: the church of tomorrow must be reached different than the church of yesterday. Through readings, lectures, and field trips, it has become evident that something different must begin to take place if the church is going to be able to reach the present and future generations. We must become creative in our evangelism if we wish to reach this culture. It is essential to be up to date technologically and even socially. A pastor who falls behind in the social atmosphere around him will lose touch with his or her people. If we are to reach these people as individuals, the pastor cannot be expected to â€Å"do all the work.† â€Å"A clerical ministry will not penetrate this age, but the priesthood of all believers can† (Maddix). That is, we must teach the laity of the church to reach out spiritually and socially to their neighbors, friends, and especially each other. According to Bonhoeffer, the meaning of the statement â€Å"Christianity means community through Jesus Christ and in Jesus Christ. No Christian community is more or less than this†¦we belong to one another only through and in Jesus Christ† is threefold: â€Å"first, that a Christian needs others because of Jesus Christ†¦second, that a Christian comes to others only through Jesus Christ†¦third, that in Jesus Christ we have been chosen from eternity, accepted in time, and united for eternity† (21). The transformation of members into ministers will spark great growth within the church. In the midst of this, it is essential to remain biblical. The Scripture must always be taken seriously, never downplayed, in an effort to reach someone. We must recognize that we are a body of believers and that, according to Wesley, there is no such thing as solitary religion. Whether Christ is the first thing out of our mouth or not, we must be passionate about Christ before we will be able to reach these generations. We can become passionate by focusing on Christ and focusing on those who are not yet followers of Christ. A passion for the lost is essential in evangelism. Two of my closest friends had not been saved, and my heart felt great pain and anguish knowing that if everything ended right then, I would be without them for eternity, and more importantly, they without God. We must also focus on sin, not avoiding it so as to attract people. A seeker sensitive church will die if sin in not recognized. Evangelistic decisions are the most powerful catalyst for change and growth in a church and pastor. As such, we should know our purpose as a church and embrace it. I will focus on st paul’s lutheran church. In tandem with many other churches, St. Paul’s indeed has an official membership list that includes many people who have left the congregation. However, around 75 adults have attended or made a contribution to some extent to St. Paul’s over the past year, along with 12 children and 3 teenagers. Pastor Nadine’s yearly salary is $15,500. If we are to create a church, we must begin with a strong foundation. According to Rick Warren, â€Å"If you want to build a healthy, strong, and growing church you must spend time laying a solid foundation. This done by clarifying in the minds of everyone involved exactly why the church exists and what it is supposed to do† (86). First, a clear purpose builds moral. The moral of a church will be much higher if they know why they exist. Second, a clear purpose reduces much frustration. We are helped to put aside the petty things and recognize what we are not seeking to do. A clear purpose within a church allows for concentration. The more focus a church has, the higher impact it will have on the people around it. If focus is lost, therefore, the impact of the church will be negligible. It is also vital not to flood the church calendar. The goal of the church is not to overwhelm its people, but to quench them. Tradition should never stand above excellence within the church. If an event or tradition is now failing, it should probably be removed. Chances are that new traditions could be started that could have a much great impact on both the church and the people in the neighboring areas. Programs should never be started if they do not run in line with the purpose of the church. So, just because a program may seem to be well-intentioned and may even have well affects on the church, that doesn’t mean those affects are furthering the purpose of the church. Serious setbacks could occur in this manner. When beginning new ministries within the church, the pastor or initiator of the idea must not stand alone in developing it. At this point delegations need to be made to people who are trustworthy and effective. They must know their duties or the ministry will fail. A clear purpose also attracts cooperation. We must make sure members understand the purpose of the church so they can be comfortable with what is being taught and what ministries are taking place. Someone who is out of touch with the purpose of the church may begin to feel excluded and angry that things are not going as they â€Å"should.† Some people may transfer to a church with a set purpose and have their own ideas about ways things should be done based on their past experiences. These people must not be part of the decision making processes of the church in terms of its purpose. As the rest of the congregation has already committed to the purpose, changing it now would be quite unhealthy for the church. Finally, having a clear purpose for the church makes it easier to evaluate the growth and success of the church. With clear goals having been set, it is easy to look and see what has and has not been accomplished (Maddix,). Once these purposes are established, it is important to organize around them. In doing so, there are five basic purpose-driven church types as outlined in lecture. First is the Soul Winning Church. The pastor is the evangelist and the primary goal is reaching the lost. Second is the Experiencing God Church. This church focuses on experiencing the presence and power of God in worship. The third type is the Family Reunion Church. The primary focus here is fellowship. The pastor is usually very relational, loving and spending time with his people. The next type is the Classroom Church. Here the pastor is primarily a teacher. The sermons will almost always include taking notes. I would place most of the Nazarene churches I have attended in this category primarily. The final type is the Social Conscience Church. The pastor is seen as a prophet or reformer. The church is primarily concerned with changing society- â€Å"doers of the Word.† With all of these available, it becomes essential to produce a good balance. These purposes must still be applied further. We should work to constantly be working to assimilate newcomers if we wish to keep them as a part of the church. To do this the church must be prepared for newcomers with its Greeter/Usher ministry as well as its care ministries team. A follow-up on newcomers almost always lets them know that they were noticed and are cared about. At least a few contacts should be made in the first week whether from the pastor directly or from care team members. The programs within the church must be relevant to the purpose of the church, as stated before. Programs should be servants to the purpose. Also reiterated, is that the people must be educated as to the purpose of the church. If people know the purpose, they will begin to live according to the purpose as evangelists, worshipers, disciples and ministers. Small groups have become on the most successful ways of reaching out to the present generations. These groups can be seeker groups which meet away from the church in a home or for an activity. The purpose of seeker groups is develop relationship with the lost. Disciple/Growth groups are great for Christians of all maturity levels, but especially for the new Christian. Support groups such as prison ministries, divorce, alcohol and drug recovery groups are widely accepted and appreciated by the community, helping others and their families. If at all possible, staff should be built around people from within the church. Anyone brought in must be extremely likable and hold a similar missional view for the church. There should be mission teams, music teams, membership teams, maturity team, and ministry teams as part of the church. With each owning a specific purpose within the church, no single one is being emphasize, and no one is being left out. The pastor should preach according to the purpose of the church. This should be how the church grows to accept and believe in its purpose. The priorities of a church are easily seen through its budget and calendar. The budget should be scheduled wisely and in ways that directly impact the purposes of the church. The purposes of the church must also show up on the calendar. If they are not there, they will not succeed. Finally we should evaluate our church purposefully. Our standards should be set on how well we achieve our purposes. It is also quite important to recognize the significance of vision for the church. Vision is defined as â€Å"my understanding of what God wants done in the place where he has placed me.† If the vision of the pastor is not accepted by the majority of the congregation, it should probably be reevaluated. In some cases the church itself may be quite ill and not really understand what it needs. A slow movement in the direction is the only way to help such churches turn themselves around. Without a vision, the church has nothing to aspire to. As Proverbs 29:18 says, â€Å"Where there is no vision the people perish.† A can be worn down over time if it lacks vision. Specific goals set for the church keep members active in their faith and daily activities. Vision, like purpose, must be passed on to the congregation through passionate messages from the pastor. Such vision must also inspire the pastor to live accordingly as an example for his congregation. If the people don’t know or understand the vision of the church and the pastor, then the pastor isn’t doing a well enough job communicating it. Vision must not attempt to go beyond the reasonable means of the church. The gifts and talents of the pastor and the congregation limit the vision of a church. This factor of vision is just the first of nine factors that are nearly always present in growing churches. The second factor is evangelism. Because God intends his church to grow, all members of the church body are to be evangelists. Congregation must acknowledge that they have to go outside to evangelize, not sit comfortably within the walls of the church. Thirdly is the maturation factor. The church must develop leaders through the maturing of their faith. Fourth is the worship factor. People must know that worship is key to our faith, for we were created to worship God. Sjogren’s Power Principle #7 states that your style is not the key to success, so although your church will be identified by your worship style, God comes into your midst, not because of worship style, but because hearts are hungry for the presence of God. Fifth is the preaching factor. Preaching must be done in a way that leads the congregation to understand the faith of the pastor. Television and computers have changed the way people expect to be informed at church. According to Rainer, the unchurched want a pastor who is â€Å"real† and is a person of conviction; they want a good communicator and a good leader. Furthermore, they want to hear preaching that teaches the Bible and applies to their own individual lives.† Leadership, giving, mission, and the birthing of new ideas finish of the list of factors for church growth. Leaders must be strong and confident, giving must be done sacrificially, and people must have a world view of missions. Turning attendees in members into ministers is the encompassing purpose in a church’s discipleship program. If members can be made who possess a serious passion for the lost, then a church is well-on its way to long-term success. In our recent trip to the Seattle area, we experienced several churches which had great outreach success. Mars Hill church was by far the most successful. It was obvious because of the size of the church (running c.500), as well as the specific focus and outreach. With hundreds of small groups and a target audience of 16-35, Mars Hill represents a successful outreaching church. Other churches showed their weaknesses within pastoral staff and mixed traditions as compared to the vision and purpose of the church. Bibliography Hunter, George G. III. The Celtic Way of Evagelism. 2000, Abington Press, Nashville, Maddix, Mark. Class Lectures, Spring 2005. Northwest Nazarene University, Nampa, McLaren, Brian D. More Ready Than You Realize. 2002, Zondervan, Grand Rapids, . Warren, Rick. Purpose Driven Church. 1995, Nelson Books, Nashville, TN.

Essay notes of mice and men discrimination Essay

â€Å"Jail Bate† George discriminates her beauty and gender because of the way she acts. â€Å"She screamed† Steinbeck portrays Curley’s wife to have been through some drama and terror which could suggest her reaction from discrimination. As Steinbeck does not name Curley’s wife this is Steinbeck’s opinion that she is irrelevant, this is yet another example of discrimination in some form. â€Å"Listen Nigger† this is an interesting quote that could suggest that Curley’s wife is discriminating Crooks, which is ironic because she is a victim of discrimination CROOKS QUOTES FOR DISCRIMINATION â€Å"Listen Nigger† this is a prime example of discrimination because of Crooks race â€Å"Cause I’m Black† this is yet another example of Crooks being discriminated as he replies to Lennie asking why he’s not allowed in the bunkhouse. â€Å"This is just a nigger talkin† here Steinbeck uses Crooks to show understanding the positives and negatives of being black e.g. no one will hold you for your actions. â€Å"The boss gave the stable buck hell† and â€Å"stable bucks a nigger† these two quotations emphasises the theme of discrimination of Race and how the context relates to how people were treated. (Slavery) â€Å"he woulda killed the nigger† here Candy is remembering a past memory but this is also links to the context of slavery. Here Steinbeck uses Foreshadowing as Curley’s wife dies later on in the novella. The name â€Å"Crooks† is a name given to the stable buck by Steinbeck because of his back which his discrimination of race which is why Steinbeck does not reveal his  name as Steinbeck has the opinion that he is irrelevant. â€Å"Guys don’t come into a coloured man’s room† here Crooks explain to Lennie how he is a victim of discrimination. LENNIE QUOTES DISCRIMINATION â€Å"crazy bastard† here George describes Lennie as â€Å"crazy† which reinforces why Lennie is mentally impaired. â€Å"Why ain’t you wanted?† Here Steinbeck shows lennie’s mental impairment to readers as he does not fathom the idea of racial discrimination. â€Å"you’d drink out of a gutter† here George emphasises Lennie being mentally impaired as George has the opinion that Lennie is not very sagacious. CANDY QUOTES DISCRIMINATION â€Å"They let the nigger come in† I can imply from this quote that Candy is relishing discrimination by joking about Crooks, which is ironic as he is also a victim of discrimination. â€Å"I been here a long time† this quote could suggest that Candy is a victim Ageism as Candy describes his time in Soledad as â€Å"long† which gives the image of old age. â€Å"wrist stump† this quote is an image which Steinbeck uses to show Candy’s disability. CONTEXT In the ranch where Lennie and George worked on was in Soledad, California which was where people went to chase their dreams it was known as the place of dreams. The Great Depression occurred between 1930-1936 meaning that most people were unemployed and money had been lost while banks had gone bust. This would have meant people who were discriminated e.g. disabled people or black people this could suggest that it was harder for them to live. LITERARY DEVICES SYMBOLSIM – rabbits representing Lennie’s dreams of owning land. IMAGERY – Steinbeck uses imagery before the introduction of each character to give them definition from one another and give the reader insight to what sort of character archetype they are . SIMILIE – â€Å"and flies shot like rushing stars.† This simile is used to show the conditions of the bunk house and how the workers were connected to nature. METAPHOR -â€Å"Lennie dabbed his big paw in the water† Lennie is metaphorically referred to as a bear because of his  large structure and his crushing strength. FORSHADOWING -All of the dead animals throughout the book, except Candy’s dog ; With every chapter, the death of living things increase in size, starting from a mouse, to a rat under the floorboards, to a puppy, to finally Curley’s wife and Lennie. Each death leads to a bigger one, foreshadowing that eventually, someone would die. CONNECTIVES For instance Significantly Partially Meanwhile Furthermore In addition In general Therefore However Thus Hence Alternatively Whereas As a result Consequently

Black Betty by William Huddie Essays

Black Betty by William Huddie Essays Black Betty by William Huddie Essay Black Betty by William Huddie Essay In 1939 the Musicraft Recording Label released a record which included the path. Black Betty by William Huddie Leadbetter better known as Lead Belly. Black Betty had been said to be originated as far back as the eighteenth century or the early 1930’s. Lead Belly was the first 1 to of all time commercially enter it nevertheless. giving him most of the recognition for the vocal. Lead Belly was an iconic American common people and blues musician. noteworthy for his strong vocals. twelve-string guitar. and the songbook of common people criterions he introduced. It was recorded acapella with merely Lead Belly singing and clapping on the 4th round in the 12 saloon blues manner vocal. The signifier is sort of AABCDEAA. where each poetry begins and ends with Whoa. Black Betty ( Bam-Ba-Lam ) . At the terminal of each line Lead Belly besides repeats the phrase Bam-Ba-Lam. Although this vocal did derive some popularity in the early 1940’s because of Lead Belly. it truly gained the world’s attending in 1977 when a set by the name of Ram Jam recorded it. Ram Jam was an east seashore set formed in the mid 70’s. Its members consisted of Bill Bartlett ( guitar ) . Howie Blauvelt ( bass ) . Peter Charles ( membranophones ) . Myke Scavone ( lead vocals. guitar ) . and Jimmy Santoro ( guitar ) . The vocal was released on their self-titled introduction album Ram Jam in 1977. It reached the # 7 place in the UK singles chart in September 1977. The individual besides reached # 18 on the singles chart in the US. The album reached # 34 in the Billboard Pop Albums chart in the US. Even though Black Betty shooting Ram Jam to stardom overnight. it besides brought along much contention because of its lyrical significances. Since this vocal has been said to hold been originated back in the eighteenth century. the lyrics’ significance has changed legion sum of times. The beginning and significance of the wordss are capable to argument. Some beginnings claim the vocal is derived from an eighteenth century marching meter about a flint-lock rifle with a black head-stock ; the bam-ba-lam lyric mentioning to the sound of the gunshot. Soldiers in the field were said to be hugging Black Betty . In this reading. the rifle was superseded by its child . a rifle known as a Brown Bess . Other beginnings claim the term was a modern-day mention for a cocotte. a prison bullwhip. diacetylmorphine or the paddywagon . Lead Belly was said to hold been incarcerated a figure of times so the 2nd significance instead than the reading about the flint lock rifle seems more accurate in his instance. A more in depth expression at the wordss could perchance state that the vocal is about a black adult female who lives in Alabama by herself. She was immature and made a twosome incorrect determinations like imbibing. drugs. and holding a one-night base with person. This caused her to gestate a kid that she wasn’t ready for. She wasn’t ready for the duties of being a female parent. Her kid was out of control because of all the imbibing and drugs she had done prior to holding it. It was difficult to be a individual black adult female and a female parent in the South so the easiest thing she could make was to sell her organic structure as a cocotte. The adult male in the vocal negotiations about how whenever he needs her she will be ready waiting for him. This is the sort of reading that gave Ram Jam much unfavorable judgment and contention. Members of the NAACP and other groups such as them were really angry stating the vocal degrades black adult females. Ram Jam merely ever said it’s non tilting towards race. it’s fundamentally merely holding a good clip with miss. whether a cocotte or non. and taking drugs such as velocity which would travel along with the line She truly gets me high. Analyzing the musical facet of the vocal is much easier than the lyrical because I is pretty consecutive forward. The poetic devices in this vocal are sort of repetition because the vocal isn’t that long. Black Betty has an AA. BB. CC rhyme strategy. The stanza is whoa Black Betty ( Bam-ba-Lam ) which is repeated 10x’s throughout the vocal ( lines 1. 2. 8. 10. 15. 16. 17. 18. 23. A ; 24 ) . The vocal is truly merely three poetries so there is a batch of pure instrumental with illumination solos by all the instruments. The instruments used were. 3 guitars. a bass. and membranophones. The drummer keeps the round throughout the first 35 seconds of the vocal with the hi-hat cymbal by hitting on all four beats by itself for the first 10 seconds but for the remainder of the 35 seconds the guitars and bass come in to play the span. The clang cymbal so comes in with guitars and bass fillet and wordss are sung and the clang cymbal is hit on beats 2 and 4. the back round. and the hi-hat now hits on beats 1 and 3. This back round is used widely through stone. difficult stone. and particularly by all signifiers of metal. Although it was used efore this vocal came out. Black Betty decidedly highlighted the usage of the backbeat. During this first poetry. and the other 2 poetries besides. it is merely the drummer and the vocalist with the guitars and bass coming in and merely playing between every 2nd and 3rd round. Once the poetry is over nevertheless the pacing speeds up and the show window of guitars Begins. Once the 2nd poetry begins. it goes back to the membranophones and vocalist but one time this 2nd poetry terminals. the pacing speeds to dual clip get downing with a membranophone solo into guitar solos for a solid 1:35. Once that 2:50 portion hits the vocal takes a bend towards an easy channel feel with the pacing traveling back to the manner it was in the beginning. At 3:05 nevertheless the pacing speeds up a small spot and plays the span that it had played before the first poetry was sung. At 3:30. the 3rd and concluding poetry is sung merely like the other two with the drummer playing that same clang cymbal on beats 2 and 4 and the hi-hat on 1 and 3. Once the 3rd poetry is done. they play about 10 seconds of an outro and the vocal is over. Although lyrically the vocal is reasonably simple. I believe if you can hone a simple vocal. it will do it great and with the guitar. bass. and membranophones that Ram Jam had put into this vocal to attach to the wordss. it is a great vocal. You can evidently see that they were influenced by Lead Belly. but besides by early stone sets such as Lynyrd Skynyrd. Eagles. Kansas. and ZZ Top because it’s that southern stone sound and feel that those sets made celebrated. Since Ram Jam released Black Betty it non merely set their name on the map but besides rocketed that vocal to dozenss of films and Television shows. It will travel down every bit one of the best stone vocals of all clip.

Empirical Formula of Magnesium Oxide Lab Report

Empirical Formula of Magnesium Oxide - Lab Report Example Gravimetric analysis the use of mass measurement to determine the amount of the analyte.   Magnesium is a highly reactive metal, which is why it should be solid (Erdey, et al., 2013). It is paramount to limit the amount of oxygen to reduce the rate of reaction (Zumdahl & DeCoste, 2013). The use of magnesium strips ensures the whole surface of the metal is exposed to oxygen. A gravimetric analysis demands a step by step of measurement of mass before and after the reaction. The magnesium is weighed before the reaction and the final product after the reaction is also weighed. The weighing helps in determining the exact mass of oxygen that combines with Magnesium in the reaction.   Since both Magnesium (Mg2+) and Oxygen (O2-) have a valency of 2 the reaction will go as follows.Magnesium will react with Oxygen in 1:1 ratio. The resulting product should be white (Zumdahl & DeCoste, 2013).   Also, Magnesium will react with Nitrogen to produce a black substance. It is because Magnesium is a highly reactive metal. Health and Safety Tips:†¢Ã‚  Magnesium is highly flammable, which means it can easily burst into flames. Therefore, it is imperative to keep one’s eye very far from the crucible during the experiment.   In addition, Magnesium has a blinding glare when it burns, which is very harmful to the eyes. The ignition of the Magnesium can be prevented by closing the lid. †¢Ã‚  The Bunsen burner will produce so much heat during the experiment. One should keep a considerably safe distance from the Bunsen burner.

CLASSICAL CULTURES (GREEK MYTHOLOGY) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

CLASSICAL CULTURES (GREEK MYTHOLOGY) - Essay Example However, one of the big problems in trying to live this way is the problem of temptation which sometimes thwarts our best efforts. In this essay, I will explain what I mean by this statement. The Odyssey is a great story to examine issues such as ethics and values. It is the story of a man trying desperately to return home after many years away fighting in a terrible war. But he is being punished and his journey is very dilatory. He must constantly deal with obstacles. Each obstacle presents in its way a moral or ethical challenge that will try Odysseus. Although my own life is very different that Odysseus’, and much less straightforward, nevertheless, I too have been challenged by obstacles that have made me think hard about the values I live by. But I have been challenged by more than obstacles. I have also been challenged by the temptations that come with obstacles: the temptation to give in to what is easiest or safest and avoid taking responsibility for fighting on, for continuing to sail home. Temptation is a powerful force that can make us turn our backs on the values we hold closest to our heart. This is a lesson from the Bible, when Jesus is tempted by Satan, but it also a lesson that again and again comes up in the Odyssey. When Odysseus spends time with Circe he begins to forget those he truly loves, he is caught in her spell and the temptation of an easy life that she offers. Also, when Odysseus approaches the Sirens, he is likewise tempted, but this time has taken precautions, asking his men to tie him to the mast to prevent him jumping into the sea to get close to the Sirens and their song, which would mean he would never see his wife or children again: They sang these words most musically, and as I longed to hear them further I made by frowning to my men that they should set me free; but they quickened their stroke, and Eurylochus and Perimedes bound me with still